29 
Guenee is probably more faithful to Borkhausen’s meaning than any 
other author, in limiting it to this one particular form ; but as it appears 
to be the earliest name not otherwise preoccupied for fer rug aria, Haw., 
it must now stand for the type of the species, and the commoner forms 
will be the varieties. 
I am not sure that I possess examples quite agreeing with 
Borkhausen’s, though it is fairly well represented by some of our Scotch 
forms. Forms with the band more entire, and frequently of brighter 
colour, such as we get so commonly in the South of England, agree 
rather with ferrugaria, Haw.; his diagnosis is: “ alis cinereis fascia parva 
basi, aliaque lata repanda medio rufescentibus; punctoque postico didymo 
fusco.” it will be noticed that he does not mention any conspicuous 
ochreous shade in the ground colour, and this agrees fairly well with 
some of our southern forms, but it has resulted in leading Continental 
entomologists, e.g., Guenee and Staudinger, to connect his ferrugaria 
with theirs. This is certainly an error ; Haworth’s type, which I have 
seen, is an ordinary English form of the species we are now considering, 
the spadicearia of Germany. 
Haworth’s var. /3, as has already been said, should be referred to 
the type of corculata, Hfn., and not to his ferrugaria at all. Yar. y, 
“ fascia medio anticarum solida rufa sub-undulata. Proecedentibus 
varietatibus paulo minor,” may probably be intended to represent some 
of our ordinary Yorkshire forms, as that county is quoted as locality. 
Yar. 8 seems to agree with the type of spadicearia, Bkh., while var. e, 
and his supposed distinct species salicaria, are still more extreme forms. 
Esper’s figures of his alchemillaria are so bad that they cannot be 
taken as types of any particular form; indeed, though the $ is pretty 
obviously a fairly ordinary form of spadicearia, Bkh., yet I am rather 
inclined to suspect that the 2 is an over-coloured example of our “ red 
unident aria.” 
Guenee’s var. linariata is the common continental form with a 
^ distinct ochreous band behind the central fascia; he considered that it 
did not occur in England, but I agree with Mr. Fenn that it is well 
represented by some of our Irish forms. 
Confixaria, H.-S. (334), appears to be, as Bohatsch reports (Wien. 
Ent. Zeit., iv., p. 177), an aberration of this species “in which the 
many wavy lines have vanished, so that of the pattern of the fore wings 
the red-brown central area alone remains; the outer dentated line, 
with the two blackish spots in the upper third, is also indicated, etc.” 
The band is also reduced in width, and the variation is in some degree 
parallel to unidentaria var. coarctata. 
Many interesting casual varieties of this species have come under my 
notice, on Avhich I would fain have commented had time permitted ; but 
1 must content myself with summing up its general topomorphic varia¬ 
tion in the British Isles. The dark-banded, non-striated forms, and 
those with but little ochreous in the ground colour and on the border 
of the hind wings, (in brief, those which bear so great superficial 
resemblance to “ red unidentaria ”), seem to be confined to the South of 
England, so that I quite agree with Mr. Porritt, who, writing chiefly of 
the Yorkshire forms, says, “I have always been surprised that anyone 
knowing the two species well should have had any doubt about their 
distinctness.” He very kindly captured some of this moorland form 
for me last season, and these are in my drawer this evening • but as 
