28 
forms : liiv warmest thanks are due to Mr. H. F. Wickham, of Iowa 
City, for my examples, which he took great trouble to procure, at very 
short notice. 
Corculata, Hfn. ( = ferrugata, Cl. ?, Linn.), varies greatly in the form 
and breadth of the band, the brightness and general tone of its colour¬ 
ing, and in other respects, but I know of no special local race, nor 
named variety, unless the var. asiatica, Stgr. (S. E. Z., xliii., p. 70, 
Horae, Soc. Ent. Boss., xvii., p. 209), belongs here, rather than to the 
ab. unidentaria; as it seems to be confined to Siberia, I will not trouble 
you with a description of it. 
Ab. unidentaria, Haw., in its typical form, has the band much 
broader anteriorly than posteriorly, and its variation runs chiefly in the 
direction of the narrowing of the band, though there is also much 
difference in the intensity of the colour of the band, while the ground 
colour varies from quite whitish to strongly ochreous. Haworth’s 
diagnosis is “ alis rufo-ochraceis, fascia parva basi, aliaque medio lata 
invenuste dolabriformi punctoque postico didymo nigris.” He considers 
the type to have the ground colour somewhat strongly ochreous, the 
band externally almost bi-lobed, and attenuated at the inner margin. 
This includes many of our ordinary specimens, and forms, with his 
vars. (3 and y ((3 less ochreous, fascia hardly bi-lobed, hind wings much 
suffused; y, fascia uni-lobed, hind wings fuscous, with border very 
broadly cinereous), so gradual a transition that the varieties hardly 
deserve separating. Mr. Porritt informs me that some of the finest 
black forms he has seen, were from Penmaenmaur, North Wales. 
There is a somewhat rare variety of ab. unidentaria, unknown to 
Haworth, which deserves notice, namely the var. coarctata, Warren. 
This has the central fascia very much attenuated throughout, sometimes 
reduced to hardly more than a thread ; there are two in the British 
Museum collection, Captain Robertson has one, Mr. Fenn another, Mr. 
Machin a very beautiful example, and two others have recently been 
exhibited at our London Societies. Two slight variations of fairly 
common occurrence are also worthy of passing mention. Some speci¬ 
mens, especially when freshly bred, have a strongly reddish costa on 
the median area, showing, perhaps, some connection with the red- 
banded form, which I consider the original type of the species, though 
I have bred them in ordinary black broods where, as I have said, I 
never obtain the red forms. The other phase of variation to which I 
have alluded is that in which the centre of the black band is strikingly 
pale in its costal half, and is well exemplified in many specimens of the 
brood marked “I” in my drawer. 
Borkliausen’s spadicearia was described from a single specimen, 
and that, apparently, a somewhat rare form of spadicearia, W. Y. ; he 
probably also knew some of the ordinary forms, but if so, he must have 
classed them under Lis ferrugaria or Jinariaria. No doubt Schiffermiiller 
used the name spadicearia more comprehensively, as he seems to have 
known the limits of his other species (ferrugaria, = unidentaria, Hw.) 
by breeding, but unfortunately, it is the custom now to ignore his work, 
on account of the lack of full descriptions. We must, therefore, take 
the type of spadicearia (= ferrugaria, Haw.), to be (as Borkhausen 
describes it) a form with a mingled ochre and pale brown ground colour, 
a broad brownish-red band lighter in the middle, mixed with whitish 
and traversed with brown lines, the discoidal spot distinct. 
