86 
In the White Admirals ( Nymphalidi ) a few hairs are to be 
distinguished in the pupa, but they are so minute as to require some 
magnifying in order to be seen. Perchance a similar close search 
might reveal them in other tribes. It is curious that it is in this 
same tribe that the only trace among the Nymphalids of any resem¬ 
blance in the egg to that of the Lycsenids occurs. The White 
Admirals, no doubt, are really one of the lower tribes of the 
Nymphalinae; they still retain 5 and 6 free and are still especially 
capable of great variation in general form as well as in their spines and 
processes ; these Lycaenid features appear to give a farther confirmation 
to one of the points which I desire to emphasise, viz .:—that the 
lowest ( i.e ., most ancestral) forms in all the families are really very 
close together, and that it is only in the higher tribes that the families 
are widely separated. 
In thus postulating a separate origin for the Lycaenids, I think I 
clear up the great difficulty that has troubled systematists who have 
desired a linear arrangement, and who have believed from the con¬ 
dition of the fore-legs of the imago, that the Lycamids should occupy a 
position intermediate between the Papilionids and the Nymphalids, 
a position absolutely contradicted by egg, larva and pupa, and, I think, 
quite as much by the general facies and structure of the imago. 
The Lycaenidae appear to be farther from the Papilionids than the 
mass of the Lemoniidae, but I think from the pupae I have seen, that the 
latter are divisible into several sub-families, each of equal value to the 
Lycaeninae, and some of which are farther from the Papilionids than 
they are. 
Scudder notes that, among other things, the primeval butterfly liy- 
bernated as a pupa. If this be true, then the line separating butterflies 
from moths must be drawn between the Papilionids and the Hesperids ; 
for only a few, and those of the higher, Hesperidae, hibernate as pupge ; 
the Papilionids and all above them are butterflies, the rest are moths. 
It is, perhaps, well to assert this in this dogmatic fashion, as it affords 
an opportunity of referring to the many moth-characters present in the 
Skippers—characters not of the Macro-Heterocera, but of the 
Micros.” Of course, the whole matter is only one of words. Butter¬ 
flies, at and above the Papilionids, are butterflies ; Sesia, Cossus and 
Hepialus, are moths; the Skippers are intermediate, but are so much 
closer to the butterflies, that it is more correct to call them butterflies 
than moths. Still, one may choose to draw the line above them; but 
whoever does so, does not alter the fact, that on the one hand they are 
much closer to butterflies than are any unquestionable moths, and on 
the other hand that they possess micro moth-characters that butterflies 
have no trace of. 
Of these, perhaps the most remarkable affect the larval prolegs. In 
true butterflies, these have the same structure as in the Macro-Hete¬ 
rocera, although no doubt this has been quite independently acquired. 
The row of hooks exists only along the inner margin of the originally 
circular pad, and its derivation from a complete circle or crown of hooks 
is much more frequently recorded here, by means of its persistence in 
the earlier stages of larval growth, than is the case among the Macro- 
Heterocera. In the Skippers, the circle of hooks usually remains in 
the adult larvae as in the Micro-Heterocera. In a few species ( C . 
palaemon for example) there is a simple circle, or rather an oval, with 
