CERCOPITHECID^. 
7 
Macacus innuus, Linn. (Syst. Nat. xii. 1866, p. 35), which he had in all likelihood taken 
as the type of this division. 
The monkeys of the second group were provided with tails, and the species with 
which he would be best acquainted was probably Cercopithecus cethiops, which 
doubtless was carried to Alexandria from Ethiopia for sale. 
The members of the third group had the form of those of the first, but they were 
larger and stronger, and in their faces resembled dogs. It is thus evident that the 
baboons, such as P. hamadrijas, the black-faced olive-coloured P. anubis, and the 
yellow baboon, P. cynocephalus^ fell under Aristotle’s personal observation. 
The Greek geographer Agatharchides ^ (140 b.c.) likewise wrote a book on the Red 
Sea, which, however, is only known through the portions preserved in the writings of 
Diodorus Siculus (66 b.c.) and from an epitome of it given by Photius ^ (825-891 a.d.). 
Agatharchides stated that the k^ttoq along with the ‘Sphinx’ and ‘Cynocephalus’ were 
brought to Alexandria from the country of the Troglodytes and from Ethiopia. He 
repeated Pythagoras’s explanation regarding the meaning of the name, but added that 
the animal had the face of a lion, while in all other parts it “ was like a panther, except 
that it was as large as a deer! ” 
Strabo ^ seems also to have misapplied the term k^ttoc, at least in the sense in which 
it was used by Pythagoras, as he said the animal had the face of a satyr, but that in 
other respects it was intermediate between a bear and a dog—a description which recalls 
the general characters of the two baboons, P. anubis, E. Cuv., and P. hamadryas, Linn. 
Pliny ^ likewise mentions some animals from Ethiopia under the name of fcfjTroc, 
which were exhibited at Rome at the games of Pompeius Magnus. Their fore feet 
were like human hands, and their hinder extremities like human feet and legs. 
Juvenal, towards the close of the 1st century a.d., when banished to Egypt by the 
tyrant Domitian, in his Satire xv, directed against the Egyptians, speaks of the 
golden image of a long-tailed ape glittering when the magic chords resound from 
mutilated Memnon. 
Prospero Alpini ® devoted a chapter of his work on Egypt to the enumeration of the 
various kinds of apes he had seen in the country, prefacing it with the statement that 
although no kind of ape was a native of Egypt, yet countless numbers were brought 
thither from Arabia Felix and Ethiopia for the sake of trade. It is evident, however, 
from a consideration of his description of the different kinds he had seen, that some of 
them came from very far afield, even from India. Thus, his very black monkey like a 
lion in face and body was named ‘ Karander,’ evidently the Tamil word for monkey. 
Attempts have been made by different authors to identify the monkeys described by 
' Geogr. Graeci Minores, Muller (Carl), i. 1855, p. 159. 
- Ap. Phol. Bibl. ccl. c. 39. ^ Geogr. Paris, 1819, v. xvii. p. 413. 
Hist. ISTat. lib. viii. c. xxviii. p. 278. ^ Rerum Aigypt. 1735, chap. xi. 
