PAPIO HAMADETAS. 
33 
in his ‘ Histora ^thiopiae’ (1681), two Abyssinian species of monkeys, the larger called 
‘ Totaf the lesser ‘ Hobe.’ 
The Greek god Hermes ^ was identified with the Egyptian Thot or Theut as early as 
the time of Plato : hence the great seat of the worship of Thoth was at Hermopolis, 
and beside the temple was a large cemetery of the sacred apes; and their embalmed 
remains extracted from the catacombs have been attributed both by Champollion and 
by Ehrenberg to the species hamadryas. 
The Hamadryas baboons are also associated with Sun-worship: then they are 
almost invariably shown standing with their fore paws raised to greet the rising sun ; 
thus they are sculptured at Abu Simbel in a row on the cornice of the entrance to the 
magnificent Pock-Temple ^ of Rameses II. and dedicated to Pa. 
Striking examples of the full-mantled baboons are to be observed in the Salle des 
Dieux of the Louvre, Paris, on the sculptured base upon which the obelisk, now in 
the Place de la Concorde, originally stood at Luxor. Most probably the obelisk was 
separated from its base with the intention of preserving the valuable sculptures on the 
latter. The northern and southern faces of that pedestal (1 metre 62 cm. in height) 
are each ornamented with four splendid figures in high relief of Cynocejyhali (1 metre 
30 cm. in height^) represented in the attitude of adoring the rising sun. Between 
each figure is sculptured the cartouche of Pameses II. of the XlXth Dynasty. They 
are undoubted representatives of the male Hamadryas baboon of Abyssinia. The 
material of the base is rose-granite, and was the gift of Mehemet Ali. 
Another very interesting illustration is to be found in the temple of Medinet Habu, 
in the court of Pameses III. of the XXth Dynasty, in which there occurs a long 
frieze, in the centre of which a boat is represented, having in it nine human figures, 
the middle one seated and the four on either side facing the central figure; at either 
end of the boat is a cartouche of Pameses, followed by a kneeling human figure, 
behind which are four well-mantled baboons holding up their forearms. 
The ‘ Book of the Dead ’ is replete with representations of these sacred baboons, 
either as adoring the Sun God or as representative of Thoth ^ watching the scales 
of justice, in which the good and bad actions of the dead are being weighed. 
Both mantled and unmantled baboons appear not infrequently on the monuments 
in the delineations of Tribute brought to the Pharaohs. 
1 Class. Diet. (Smith), p. 313. 
2 Drench Exped., Antiq. iy. pis. 50 & 51. 
3 [I am indebted to M. Pierret, Conservateur du Musee Egyptien, Paris, for obliging me with the exact 
measurements given above.—G. S. A.] 
^ Naville, Todtenbuch, vol. i. pi. xxi. 5 Ibid. pi. xhi- 
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