PAPIO CTNOCEPHALUS. 
57 
but should these antelopes discern a baboon they stamp and butt simultaneously, and 
then uttering their peculiar warning cry, betake themselves to flight. 
It may be worth recording here that a flesh-eating propensity is not confined to 
these baboons, in which the canines are so greatly developed, but is found also in the 
Gibbons among the Simiidae, in which in some cases it assumes a near approach to 
cannibalism, I can vouch for the fact that a male Uylohates leucAscus, Schreber, 
lobbed a female 8emnopitheciis pileatus^ Blyth, of her babe, killed it and partially ate 
it. The incident occurred in the Calcutta Zoological Gardens, on the 6th May, 1877. 
From March to May the young may be seen riding on the backs of their mothers. 
They are said not to attain adult condition until they are at least 12 years of age, but 
nothing is known regarding the average duration of their lives. 
Native name. —In the lake districts of Africa this species is known as ‘ Niani ’ 
according to Pousargues, a name which is also applied to it in the country at the 
further end of Nyassa, and the plural of which is ‘ Niondra.’ According to Bohm, it is 
called in the language of the Wanyamuesi ‘Mkuku.’ 
The northern limit of the distribution of this species, as at present reliably known, 
is Southern Gallaland ^; but Eiippell has stated that he had learned that “ a great 
Cynocephalus ” with whitish hair and red callosities and buttocks occurred in the 
southern provinces of Abyssinia, and that it extended its range to the west of the Nile 
as far as Dar-Fur. No example, however, of Papio cynocephalus from any part of the 
Nile Valley exists in any museum, and it is probable that the baboon of which 
Ruppell had heard was P. hamadryas. Its clearly ascertained distribution, speaking 
in general terms, begins about the Equator in longitude 43° E., and extends westwards 
to the region of the great lakes, to longitude 30° E. It ranges as far south as the 
Zambesi and possibly to the 20th degree of S. latitude. 
The baboons hitherto recorded in literature southward of the Berber-Dongola tract 
of the Nile Valley, under the name of Cynocephalus habuin, were not this species, but 
the black-faced baboon, Papio anuhis. 
In the 12th edition of the ‘ Systema Naturae,’ Linnaeus characterized Simia cynO' 
cephalus as “ S. caudata imberbis flavescens, ore producto, cauda recta, natibus calvis,” 
adding a reference to Brisson’s ^ “ Cercopithecus cynocephalus ex viridescentibus et 
flavicantibus pilis.” Linnaeus quotes, as an illustration of the animal, Jonstonus’s^ 
figure, which unquestionably represents a baboon ; and as its colour is said to be 
“ simillima S. Inuo, sed caudata,” there is every reason to believe that the yellow 
baboon is the species indicated. The term “ cauda recta ” is not applicable to a 
^ Fischer, Mittheil. Greogr. Ges. Hamb. 1878-79, p, 54. 
2 Eeg. Au. 1756, p. 213. ^ Hist. Nat. Quad. 1657, pi. lix. lower left-hand figure. 
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