182 
THE MAMMALS OF EGYPT. 
to the point of the nasals than to the occiput. In shape the nasal bones of typical 
F. chaus, again, incline towards those of the Indian race, F. chaus subsp. affinis, in 
wliich the face-line falls away from that of the forehead, much as in F. lyhica, and 
as in that species there is a concavity near the point of the nasals. 
Another local race is found in Palestine : the single specimen in the British 
Museum, referred to by Dr. Anderson on a former page (p. 178), was obtained near 
Jericho by Canon Tristram; it has been named F. chaus furax, de Winton 
The skull of this subspecies closely resembles that of the Egyptian form, but the 
teeth are very much larger; in fact, in proportion to its size, this cat has larger 
teeth than any living member of the family Felidae, its teeth being little smaller in 
actual size than those of a female leopard [F. pardus) .—W, E, db W.] 
Eelis LEO, Linn. 
Felis leo, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. 1758, p. 41. 
Sonnini (‘Voy. Egypte,’ ii. 1799, p. 199) mentions the lion as one of the large 
Carnivora which approaches the confines of Egypt, but, if entering, does not long 
remain within the country ; he says the Egyptians call it ‘ Sabbe.’ 
Burckhardt (‘ Travels in Nubia,’ 1819, p. 391), speaking of the mountains of Negeyb, 
between Shendi and Takah, says : “ Lions and Leopards occur in plenty in this district; 
I never saw any of these animals, but heard their bowlings every night. Some of the 
Sheikhs, but very few, have lion-skins in their tents. As the inhabitants have no 
weapons but swords and lances, it rarely happens that any of these animals are killed 
in these countries.” 
Biippell (‘Reisen in Nubien, Kordofan, &c.’ 1829, p. 121) mentions the lion as 
one of the animals met with on the route from Debbeh, by Simrie and Hazara, to 
El Obeid. 
Hoskins (‘Travels in Ethiopia,’ 1835, pp. 96 & 129) says that, according to the 
natives, lions prowled all over the plain in the neighbourhood of the ruins at Wadi 
Outaib, or Mecaurat, a little above Shendi. Hoskins observed traces of them in his 
tent at these ruins, and two had been seen within 100 yards of it, and he heard them 
roaring. He also mentions that lions infested the road to Sennaar and the west side 
of the Atbara, but that they did not occur on the route from Metammeh to the wells 
of Gagdul. 
Hartmann (‘ Zeitschr. Gesellsch. Erdk. Berlin,’ 1868, p. 46) gives a capital notice of 
the lion and its distribution in this part of Africa, and mentions some of the monuments 
on which it is represented in Egypt. 
1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7 vol. ii. 1898, p. 293. 
