208 
THE MAMMALS OF EGYPT. 
C. variegatus. It is distinguished from both of these skulls by its feeble z 3 ’gomatic 
arch and less powerful teeth. The tympanic bullae are much wider apart than in 
C. variegatus, and in this respect it resembles the skull from Tunis; but besides having 
a feeble zj^gomatic arch, it has much less zygomatic expansion than either of these 
skulls. The small ears of this species at once distinguish it from C. variegatus and 
from the Tunis jackal. 
In the Leyden Museum there is a specimen agreeing with the foregoing. It is 
labelled “ C. anthus, F. Cuv., von Riippell, Nubia, Bahr-el-Azrek.” It is a male, but 
not fully grown. The skull resembles that of the specimen in the Frankfort Museum. 
The teeth are all through, but the canines are not fully developed. (See Cat. Mus. 
des Pays-Bas, p. 86, vol. xi. 1892, Lupus anthus, Cuv., 6 .) 
Berlin Museum. 
Type of Canis sacer, Ehrenberg. 
This animal, which bears the label “ Hemp. & Ehr., No. 836, Fayum,” is undoubtedly 
a young Canis lupaster. 
In this Museum there is a skull of a jackal. No. 26072, collected by Schweinfurth 
in the Upper Nile Valley, which seems to approach the Sennaar skull in the Frankfort 
Museum, but the sex of the specimen is unknown, and, moreover, the skull is 
unaccompanied by a skin. With the exception of the carnassial tooth, which is 
decidedly larger in the skull obtained by Schweinfurth, the teeth existing in the upper 
jaw are all smaller than in the Sennaar skull; the last upper molar is decidedly a 
smaller tooth. With the exception of the first and second lower premolars, the other 
teeth are either equal, or what difference there is in size is in favour of the skull 
collected by Schweinfurth. The latter is also distinguished from the Sennaar skull by 
its smaller tympanic bullae, and by the greater breadth of the basal portion of the 
skull ljung between them. 
There are other slight differences shown by the measurements set out in the 
following table, which make me hesitate to say that the two skulls are specifically 
identical, although the probability that they are so is very great. 
Measurements of skulls. 
Frankfort Museum. 
Beilin Museum. 
c?. Tunis. 
(S . Sennaar. 
Sex? Upp.Nile. 
(? C. lupaster.) 
No.IY.O.lOrt. 
No. 26072. 
mm. 
mm. 
imn. 
Premaxillaries to external occipital post, foramen 
. 170 
145 
138 
Lower border of foramen mag. to tip of premaxilla . 
. 149 
135 
129 
,, „ post, border of palate 
70 
59 
57 
Length of palate. 
78 
74 
71 
Breadth of palate between middle of last molars . . 
25 
25 
23-5 
