STUDY ON CRIBBING-CAUSES-PREVENTION AND CURE. 97 
pharynx; 2d, because,in this case, the cribber, to perform the act 
of prehension, is forced to move his head from below upwards, 
and that cribbing is only possible in movements of the head from 
above downwards. 
A cribber with point d’appui, either in eating or after his 
meal, must have a place to take this d’appui at a certain height. 
From the experiments I have made it is proved that a horse of or¬ 
dinary size, say 1 meter 53 centimeters, cannot crib, if the object 
upon which it can take his point d’appui, is placed at 50 centi¬ 
metres from the ground—above this, ingurgitation is not possible. 
Most mangers are placed at 1 meter 20 centimetres ; hay racks 
are put at least 1 meter 50 centimetres from the floor. This bad 
disposition excites the act of cribbing, as at that height, the head 
raised to that point, all the necessary conditions for cribbing exist 
—as in this position the prehension of food can take place only 
from downward motions. 
Evidently, in such conditions, cribbing must develop itself 
sooner or later. 
The natural prehension taking place only by movements of 
the head upwards, we may say that cribbing is the result of an 
abnormal prehension, in which the horse is obliged to make move¬ 
ments of the head downwards. 
IX. 
From the preceding experiments and observations it results: 
1st, That the horse which cribs cannot do it if his food is placed 
in such situation that to take it he is obliged to move his head 
upwards, and if he has no place to take a point d’appui below 50 
centimetres from the ground. 2nd, That it is in taking hold of 
his food in high placed racks, in executing movements from above 
downwards to secure it, that he becomes a cribber. 
This being admitted, the true treatment, both preventive and 
curative, of this affection, is to have hay-racks and mangers placed 
at a distance from the ground not exceeding 50 centimetres. 
To be Continued. 
