198 
GEORGE FLEMING. 
argument in favor of cow-pox being communicated by the hands 
of persons affected with small-pox. But it is quite forgotten 
that there are more cows than bulls or bullocks; that they are 
generally completely under observation in cowsheds; that when 
in milk their teats are constantly handled, and therefore the erup¬ 
tion can be felt and seen, while inoculation from cow to cow is 
made all the more easy, and the disease, consequently, much more 
diffused than it would otherwise be. With the bull or the bul¬ 
lock, on the contrary, there are none of these opportunities for 
observation or extending the contagion. The bull is seldom in 
deed with the cows, and then only for a brief period; while the 
parts which might be the seat of eruption are rarely handled, and 
perhaps never examined. The bullock is still less, perhaps, ex¬ 
posed to contagion or submitted to examination. But I entertain 
no doubt whatever that both the bull and the bullock do suffer 
from vaccinia, and it is quite ridiculous to imagine they do not. 
Male bovines have been largely employed in vaccination experi¬ 
ments on the Continent, and the vaccine lymph has acted as 
promptly and effectively on them as on the cow. At Bale, the 
veterinarian Sigismund for a long time furnished the vaccina¬ 
tors with lymph cultivated on bulls which were intended for 
slaughter; he inoculated them on the scrotum. Chauveau has 
also successfully vaccinated bulls, and so have other experimen¬ 
ters. Roloff, of the Berlin Veterinary School, has demonstrated 
how easily the bull could be infected. He slightly abraded the 
skin of the scrotum, and gently rubbed the vaccine lymph upon 
it; the characteristic eruption took place in due course. If bulls 
or bullocks stood in cattle-sheds with an equal number of cows, 
and were treated and exposed to contagion in the same way as 
these, there is every probability that we should have bull or bul¬ 
lock-pox frequently enough. ’ Where this association is allowed 
to take place on the Continent, bulls and bullocks are infected. 
An interesting case of this kind is recorded in the Rejpertorium 
fur TJiierheilkunde for 1879. - A bull two-and-a-half years old, 
is there described as affected with vaccinia, the pustules and 
crusts being situated on the scrotum, a hind and fore foot, and 
lips. The animal suffered a good deal. The lymph from, the 
