HUMAN AND ANIMAL VARIOLAS. 
245 
The advantage and opportunities the Lyons commission could 
avail themselves of were very great. The magnificent veterinary 
school of that city was placed at their disposal, with as many 
horses as they required for experiment, as well as lodging and 
food for the other numerous animals they employed in their in¬ 
vestigations. The 160 cows and bulls, and 40 pigs, at the Im¬ 
perial Agricultural School of Saulsaie, were at their service; as 
well as about 100 cows and numerous sheep and goats at a large 
farm near Lyons. For experiments on the human species, the 
service cles vaccinations as the Llopital de la Charitb, presided 
over by Drs. Berne and Delore, as well as a member of the com¬ 
mission—M. Horan d—was made available. The experiments 
were conducted with the greatest care and deliberation, and were 
very numerous ; the observations on them were drawn up by Dr. 
Horand. They were divided into two orders or sets; one order 
of experiments with vaccine virus, another with that of human 
small-pox. Each of these again was arranged in series, and each 
experiment in the series is described in detail in the report. 
The variola experiments are those which have most interest 
and importance for us, so far as the identity of small-pox and 
vaccination are concerned; though those with vaccinia have a 
more or less direct bearing on these, as well as on animal vacci¬ 
nation. More especially is it necessary to refer to the results of 
the first group, in order to refute the statement made at the 
London conference, that the small-pox matter was merely de¬ 
posited in a little pouch in the cqw’s skin, and then re-transferred 
to the human subject, to whom it gave small-pox. Quite cogni¬ 
sant of what had already been achieved in this direction, the 
greatest circumspection was observed in guarding against falla¬ 
cious conclusions; and* the perfect knowledge possessed by 
Chauveau of the nature and habits of animals, their structure and 
diseases, as well as of experimental methods, was certainly an 
advantage of which few, if any, previous investigators could boast. 
In order to study variola inoculated on the bovine species, 
twelve animals were selected which were known not to have had 
cow-pox. Of these, nine were cow or bull-calves, two were 
recently-calved milch cows, and one a six-year-old pregnant cow. 
