HUMAN AND ANIMAL VARIOLAS. 
325 
is as much a disease of the bovine species as small-pox is a malady 
peculiar to man—each is a special form of variola, and exists and 
prevails not only independently, but marked with all its own 
particular characteristics and attributes. Both attack males and 
females, in direct proportion as these are exposed to contagion. 
The symptoms of small-pox in mankind are well-known. Not 
those of vaccinia, however, though Ceely has described what he 
designates the “ natural disease ” very clearly.* If we study the 
symptomatology in a large number of cases artificially produced 
by inoculation with humanized vaccine lymph—no matter in what 
region of the ox the virus has been deposited, we shall find a re¬ 
markable constancy and regularity. 
After the second or third day there is seen in a white-skinned 
animal at the seat of puncture, a small red papule which, on the 
third or fourth day, is somewhat large and prominent, rather pale, 
surrounded by a bright-red areola, and slightly depressed in the 
centre. From the fourth to the fifth day, the papule, now a ves¬ 
icle, has a well-defined umbilicus, a marked areola, and an elevated 
margin. These characters are all the more developed towards the 
eighth or ninth day, when they begin Ao subside; the pustule be¬ 
comes brownish-color in the centre, and yellowish or nacrous to¬ 
wards the margin. Desiccation has begun ; the brown tint grad* 
ually invades the entire surface ; the areola disappears; the promi* 
nence of the pustule is diminished; and towards the twelfth or 
fourteenth day nothing usually remains except the crust, which 
* It must be remembered that at that time very little was known of animal 
diseases, or of the history of those wide-spreading destructive epizooties which 
have only been carefully studied within the last few years. We need not be sur¬ 
prised, therefore, to find grave mistakes committed with regard to bovine dis¬ 
eases, up to quite recent times, nor need we wonder at Mr. Ceely speaking of 
malignant vaccine, and even variola appearing in cattle. In the same volume 
in which his observations appear, is a report on vaccination, drawn up by a 
medical committee ; and the superstructure of the report is based upon the sup¬ 
position that the cattle-plague which had repeatedly visited this country, raged 
on the Continent, aud was seen in India, was ouly variola —variolce vaccinice — 
which, transferred to mankind, conferred immunity from small-pox! The same 
blunder was made in 1865, when cattle-plague was destroying our herds, and 
vaccination was resorted to, to stay its ravages. 
