PRIZE ESSAY. 
339 
that owners of stock might be warned in time, and that measures 
be taken to isolate or otherwise dispose of all animals in which 
the temperature is found to be rising. In a suspected herd, all 
animals showing a temperature above 102° should be carefully 
watched. If the heat rises above this, there can be little doubt 
that the disease is at work. Usually the temperature rises to 103° 
or as high as 106°; but I have no case on record where the latter 
point lias been exceeded. 
The palpable or obvious symptoms are slight rigors or shiv- 
erings, the hair merely standing the wrong way; loss of appetite 
to some extent; secretion of milk diminished; in some cases the 
animal “knuckles over” at one hind fetlock, usually the right 
one ; an occasional cough is heard, which is dry and hard in char¬ 
acter, and not the painful cough of pleurisy, as one would sup¬ 
pose ; rumination becomes irregular, and although there is some 
loss of appetite, the animal seems fuller than his fellows which 
are healthy and eating vigorously. The bowels are rather con¬ 
stipated, and the urine is scanty and high colored. 
The pulse of cattle, as I have already stated, is not, more 
especially with regard to its number, a good guide to the prac¬ 
titioner in this or any other disease; however, as it advances, the 
pulse becomes accelerated and of a feeble character—sometimes a 
large soft pulse, sometimes a small wiry one. These insidious 
symptoms may continue for several days, the most careful exam¬ 
ination of the chest denoting nothing unusual except a tenderness 
on pressure applied to the intercostal spaces of one or both sides, 
and pressure upon the back causing the animal to wince and per¬ 
haps to give a slight groan. Some cases in an infected herd will 
at this stage begin to give obvious signs of recovery, and in a few 
days be as well as ever again, the morbid material having evidently 
been expelled from the body without causing any important pul¬ 
monary change. In all cases, however, some amount of irritation 
of the lung tissue has been induced, as a cough remains for some 
time longer. Should recovery not take place, the signs of general 
disturbance gradually, sometimes rapidly, increase, the cough be¬ 
comes more persistent, the mucous membranes, except that of the 
nose, are generally pale, the respiratory movements increased in 
