340 
J. T. DUNCAN 
frequency, more abdominal and shallow. When the animal 
stands, the elbows are turned out, the nose extended, the back 
arched, and the hind limbs drawn under the body and knuckling 
over at the fetlocks. When recumbent the animal throws the 
weight of the body upon the sternum, and, owing to the anatomi¬ 
cal conformation of this bone and its articulation with the true 
ribs, the chest is thus expanded. 
The breathing becomes painful, and is often accompanied by a 
moan or grunt, emitted during each expiration; the nostrils are 
dilated, a discharge issues from the ejms and nose, which is at first 
colorless, but often becomes purulent and yellowish. The ex¬ 
tremities, as well as the horns and ears, vary much in tempera¬ 
ture. Sometimes all are cold; often, however, one ear and one 
horn may be cold whilst the others are hot, and so on with the 
extremities. Constipation of the bowels continue in many in¬ 
stances for long periods, in others it is succeeded at an early stage 
by diarrhoea, which, if not too persistent, seems to have a salu¬ 
tary effect. The surface of the body becomes harsh and dry ; 
the skin appearing to be tightly bound to the sub-cutaneous 
structure ; there is rapid loss of flesh ; and if diarrhoea assumes a 
colliquative character, the animal dies in from three to six weeks 
from the first visible manifestation of the symptoms. 
The symptoms upon percussion are tenderness and some amount 
of dullness ; the dullness increasing in proportion to the exudation 
and consolidation. If, at the outset of the disease, it can be deter¬ 
mined that both lungs are inflamed, the prognosis in all cases is 
unfavorable; but if, on the contrary, it can be demonstrated that 
but one lung is affected (the right lung according to my experi¬ 
ence being more prone to suffer, but showing a greater tendency 
to recovery,) there are some hopes that the case may recover; for 
very frequently the morbid action is confined to the side primarily 
attacked. 
Auscultation will detect a friction sound, caused in the first 
stage by the surfaces of dry pleura moving upon each other, and, 
in the more advanced stage, from being roughened by deposits of 
fibrin. These friction sounds are accompanied by others which in¬ 
dicate that the disease is not confined to the pleural surface only ; 
