PRIZE ESSAY. 
341 
thus we have crepitation, both large and small, indicative of in¬ 
flammation of the lung-connective tissue, with ronchus and 
sibilus denoting bronchial disease. It is seldom, indeed, but that 
some sound or other is detectable in all parts, except the lower 
portions of the chest; the consolidation of the lung, extensive 
though it may be, being insufficient to mask or hide the abnormal 
sounds emitted by the lung tissue, pleura or bronchial tubes. 
When the disease is confined to one lung, the respiratory mur¬ 
mur in the healthy lung is louder than natural, owing to its hav¬ 
ing to admit more air than when both are in a state of health. 
This must not be confounded with a diseased condition, and in 
order not to make a mistake percussion must be applied. The 
healthy side will be resonant, the diseased one dull. I have seen 
some cases where the diseased and consolidated lung enlarged to 
such an extent as to push the ribs immediately covering it out¬ 
wards to some extent, the animal appearing rounded and larger on 
that side in consequence, and some of these cases have afterwards 
thriven and become fit for the butcher. 
Now and then it is found that some portion of the lung be¬ 
comes gangrenous and is coughed up ; these cases are, however, 
very rare. When gangrene occurs, the discharge from the nose 
becomes sanious and foetid, and a foetid diarrhoea soon carries 
off the suffering beast. Abscesses in the lung are an occasional 
consequence. An animal apparently recovers from the disease, 
but after a time begins to lose flesh and sinks from exhaustion, 
the post-mortem revealing a large abscess or abscesses in the lung 
tissue. Another termination is the formation of groups of tu¬ 
mors upon the pleural surfaces, more expecially that portion of 
them covering the anterior aspect of the diaphragm, upon the per¬ 
icardium and peritoneum. These tumors are known amongst 
butchers and others as “ grapes,” and are supposed to be due to 
the tubercular diathesis. There is no doubt that sometimes these 
deposits are essentially scrofulous, and are caused by that condi¬ 
tion of the body independently of pleuro-pneumonia ; in other 
cases it is beyond a question that they are merely the altered 
exudatis of pleuro-pneumonia—altered inasmuch as they have un¬ 
dergone the caseous, fatty or calcareous degeneration. In some 
