HUMAN ANI) ANIMAL VAKIOLAC. 
383 
observer; as well as the other important fact, that the matter was 
only certainly effective when perfectly limpid, which was in an 
early stage of the disease. Loy likewise remarked that neither 
the original nor the communicated disease was infectious through 
the medium of the atmosphere. 
The observations of this contemporary of the illustrious Jen- 
uer are extremely interesting, while they are decisive as to the 
intimate relationship exisiting between horse-pox and cow-pox. 
Though his pamphlet consists of only a few pages, it contains 
facts of great moment with regard to our subject, and there is 
perhaps nothing more astonishing in the whole range of medical 
literature, and especially that of vaccination, than the oblivion 
into which the record of his observations immediately fell. The 
opinion so strongly expressed by Jenner, based as it was on well- 
observed facts, and the convincing demonstrations (clinical and 
experimental) of Dr. Loy, do not appear to have availed much in 
establishing the existence of such a malady as horse-pox. Very 
long ago a few experimenters, medical and veterinary (among the 
latter of whom was Coleman)—in order, I suppose, to test the 
correctness of Jenner’s view—attempted to transmit the 4i sore 
heels ” or “ grease ” to horses and cattle, but failed, as Woodville 
and Simmons (mentioned by Loy) had previously done, and for 
the same reason—they inoculated from the local non-constitutional 
malady, overlooking the distinction which had been so well drawn 
by the Pickering physician with regard to the simple cutaneous 
disorder and the specific eruptive one. Consequently, Jenner 
was set down as having made a mistake; the existence of horse- 
pox was denied, and even at the recent Vaccination Conference 
the same speaker who asserted that veterinary surgeons had always 
negatived Jenner’s opinion, said that Jenner saw the disease of 
the animal (“ grease ”), “ and that it was of a repetitive nature [sic], 
which by his own observations, he was well aware, did not possess 
any particular quality. * * With the exception of the sheep, 
he knew of no other animal that was affected with variola. There 
was an equine variola which was produced from the cow (?) but 
he had never seen variola from the horse. He knew it had been 
stated of late that cases of that disease had occurred in France, 
