HUMAN AND ANIMAL VARIOLA. 
481 
conveyed to hares and rabbits ; and the observations and experi¬ 
ments of Curds, Dominick, Spinola and Gerlach support the 
statement. Iuoeulation from one to the other species has always 
yielded positive results. 
Variola G allinarum, Anserum, Etc. 
Fowls have also their variola, according to the reports of 
various observers, published during many years. Bollinger has 
investigated what was supposed to be variola in a poultry-yard 
at Zurich, but found it to be a contagious epithelioma, chiefly 
localized upon the head. But what appears to be a true variola 
has often been studied in fowls, as the loss it caused was very 
great, and its contagiousness caused it to be widespread. In these 
outbreaks the birds were dull and feverish, the feathers stood 
erect, the wings and tail were pendulous, and an eruption of pus¬ 
tules appeared on the head, neck and inner surface of the wings 
and thighs. In the turkey they appeared as citron-tinted vesicles, 
surrounded by a red areola. In from twelve to fifteen days after 
their development these pustules became crusted, the fever disap¬ 
peared, and health gradually returned. In geese the pustules on 
the neck not unfrequently increased in size and formed abscesses ; 
the feathers were shed, pieces of skin even became detached, and 
the resulting lesions were so serious that death was not an unusual 
termination. The disease was very contagious. 
In the official report on the sanitary condition of the domesti¬ 
cated animals in Belgium during 1878, I find that Government 
Veterinary Surgeon Dejonghe, of Wyngene, describes this variola 
of poultry. It prevailed as an intense enzooty during the last half 
of 1878, frequently attacking all the fowls on a farm, and being 
most prevalent in low, damp situations. It was markedly con¬ 
tagious, or rather infectious, and the prevailing winds had appar¬ 
ently some influence in its dissemination. Young birds suffered 
most severly, and bad food aggravated its severity. The earliest 
observed symptoms were erect plumage (horipilation), complete 
indifference, malaise , and general prostration, anorexia, great 
thirst, ardent craving for cold water, and rapid emaciation. There 
appeared on the skin and visible mucous membranes numerous 
