TRANSLATIONS FROM GERMAN PAPERS. 
135 
TRANSLATIONS FROM GERMAN PAPERS. 
By Dr. Wm. Osler, of McGill University and Montreal Veterinary 
College. 
HCEMOGLOBINURIA IN HORSES. 
[From the Deutsche Zeitschiift f. Thiermedicin.\ 
Bollinger has a long article upon this disease [known more com¬ 
monly by the names Hysteria (Moore), Enzootic Haemat uria (Gamgee), 
Azoturia (Williams), “Schwarze Harnwinde,” of German authors], of 
which the following is a condensation. The chief characteristics of the 
affection are its sudden onset, violent course, a remarkable change in the 
urine, together with a sub-paralytic condition of the hind legs. Great 
diversity of opinion prevails as to its nature, but the theories may all be 
divided into the following groups: (1). That the essence of the affection 
consists in disease of the kidneys, a morbus brightii, acute parenchy¬ 
matous inflammation, a hemorrhagic nephritis. Some authors have sup¬ 
posed a simultaneous disease of the blood and kidneys, or, as Herring 
states, an acute morb. brightii depending upon some blood change. 
(2). That it is essentially a blood disease, variously characterized by 
authors as a “blood dyscrasia,” “ blood anomaly,” “ blood dissolution,” 
similar, in fact, to typhus and anthrax. It has been called Lumbar- 
Typhus (Leudentyphus) by the Veterinary Surgeons of Holland, and 
Spinal-Typhus by those of Denmark. According to Siedamgrotsky, 
changes in the muscles give rise either primarily, or secondarily, to alter- 
tions in the blood, which induce the hoemoglobinuria and nephritis. 
(3) . That a disease of the spinal cord is the first factor, leading to 
subsequent kidney disease. It has been regarded as a spinal paralysis 
with secondary palsy of the renal nerves, as a hyperamia of the cord and 
its membranes, and as a rheumatic inflammation of these parts in the 
lumbar region. Vogel first (1873) described it as a septic blood dis¬ 
ease, of which the renal disturbance formed a part; later (1875), he 
regarded it as a toxic or dyscrasic spinal paralysis, dependent, however, 
upon a primary blood infection. 
(4) . That the affection is of a rheumatic character; hence the 
name “ rheumatic spinal paralysis.” 
To remove any doubt as to what disease is here meant, the fol¬ 
lowing short sketch is given : The so-called “ Schwarze Harnwinde ” 
