152 
A. LIAUTARD. 
ANATOMY OF REGIONS. 
Translated from Pencil and Tonssaint s, Preces de Chirurgie Vctcvinaive. 
° *> 
% 
By A. Liautard, M. D. V. S.* 
FIRST SECTION.—THE HEAD. 
l aken as a whole, the head represents, in domestic mammalia and 
specially in the large ones such as the horse and the ox, a kind of four 
faced pyramid, attached to the neck by its base and whose apex corres¬ 
ponds to the lips. 
The great axis of the head is ordinarily inclined, forming an angle 
of 45° with the horizontal plane, but this position may be modified by 
different causes, such as a rapid gait or the act of sleeping. For the 
sake of study, we will consider it as being nearly vertical, and thus will 
recognize in the head an anterior , two lateral and a posterior face, in 
which we will examine the different regions of which it is composed; 
the base of the head is -united to the superior part of the neck, the lips 
which form its apex will be examined in the anterior and posterior 
faces. 
_ This division seems to us better than that by which the head is 
divided into a cranial and and a facial portion, as done in descriptive 
and in topographical human anatomy; for the small extent of the cranium 
in the domestic animals and its connexions with the face, would render a 
division of that kind somewhat obscure and rather unnatural. We will, 
however, have occasion to show the limits of the encephalon when 
speaking of the regions which surround it, and when describing it. 
CHAPTER I. 
ANTERIOR FACE OF THE HEAD. 
• 
Its boundaries being very natural need not he indicated, its longest 
diameter extends from the occipital protuberance to the point of the 
nose, its largest transversal dimensions exists on a level with the orbits, 
and it diminishes going towards the nostrils. The whole of its middle 
parts forms a straight line. Those two extremities, the protuberance 
and the superior lips, look backwards. Like all the parts occupying the 
medium line of the body , the anterior face of the head is perfectly sym- 
* See Editorial. - 
