I 
158 
A. LIAUTARD. 
versalis nasi,* middle, anterior and small super-maxillo nasalisf in¬ 
wards, internal branch of the super-naso labialis,J and pyramidal of the 
nose§ outwards. 
As annexes of the nostrils we must mention the false nostril, a cul 
de sac occupying the space situated between the nasal spine and the 
ascending branch of the small maxillary bone. This pouch has no 
special uses, it is lined by a black mucous membrane, filled with seba¬ 
ceous glands. 
The nostrils of the horse are kept open by an incomplete cartilagi¬ 
nous frame, formed by two small apparatuses, one for each opening. 
These cartilages, upon which the muscular fibres are attached, have the 
form of two commas resting upon each other by their convexity ; the 
wide extremity is superior; it corresponds to the upper part of the in¬ 
ternal lip, while the median portion forms this same border. The infer¬ 
ior extremity, narrow, pointed and curved outwards, is situated deeper 
than the rest of the cartilage, and occupies the inferior middle of the 
external lip, which, therefore, has only an incomplete cartilaginous 
frame. 
The blood vessels are the last ramifications of the terminal branch 
of th e g/osso-faciat. The nerves are furnished by the facial to the mus¬ 
cles, and to the ligaments by the superior maxillary. 
Differences. —In the ox the nostrils are very different from what 
they are in horses. They are smaller and, above all, less movable, 
elongated from outwards inwards, their opening presents the form of a 
comma whose point is external and slightly curved backwards and up¬ 
wards. The skin, hairless, has the same structure as that of the muzzle 
and superior lip. Round the summit of the opening hairs are very fine 
and short. There is cartilaginous frame only on the superior wing, and 
even it is rudimentary. 
The dog has nostrils placed at the very extremity of the head, bound 
superiorly by a transversal, wide projection. Their wide part is divided by 
a movable septum, oh the middle of which there is a vertical fissure ; the 
point turned outwards turns backwards and upwards. The skin is hair¬ 
less and rough. The cartilaginous support is formed by two widened 
elongations of the nasal septum, which occupy only the most internal 
part of the superior border of the nostrils. 
The nostrils of the pig mingle with the snout. They occupy its 
* Dilatator naris anterior of Percivall. 
t Nasilis brevis labii superioris. 
1 Levator labii superioris aliaque nasi. 
, § Dilatator naris lateralis. 
