V 
202 
A. LIAUTARD. 
The following are the average measurements of the nasal cavities on 
subjects of medium size: 
Length of cavities, from anterior to pharyngeal opening.220 J“jg£ 
of posterior opening. 65 « 
Height, from the vomer to nasal bones, posterior part of the cavity, 95 “ 
forward, perpendicularly from the nasal spine . 75 “ 
Transversal cut at the first molar: 
Width of inferior meatus. 
Height “ “ 
Distance from posterior turbinated to perpendicular septum 
“ superior “ “ « 
Sections at the guttural opening : 
Width of inferior meatus. 
Distance of inferior turbinated to perpendicular septum, 
superior “ “ « 
OA Milli- 
meters. 
10 “ 
ty a 
6 “ 
QO Milli- 
meters. 
11 “ 
2 “ 
Differences.— The nasal cavities of the ox are less spacious than 
those of the horse. The posterior opening is more elongated than in 
the horse, but not so wide; the transversal dimension is also smaller; 
and as their boundary lines forward and behind are far apart superiorly, 
their posterior chamber is about twice as large as the entrance of the 
cavities. 
The turbinated bones are not disposed as in the horse. Truly 
speaking, there are three, as the ethmoidal volute is very large, and oc¬ 
cupies posteriorly a space between the anterior and posterior turbinated. 
This part of the ethmoid is named the ethmoidal antrum. The 
other turbinated bones have also a different form—the ethmoidal is very 
small, elongated, and attached to the bone proper of the nose; the 
maxillary turbinated is, on the contrary, much developed, and forms 
alone nearly the three quarters of the external face of the cavities ; it is 
constituted by two bony lamella rolled in diverse directions, that is that 
rising upon the longitudinal axis of the organ, the anterior lamella is 
rolled forward, the posterior backwards. The bony frame of this tur¬ 
binated bone is also much longer than that of the ethmoidal; its 
m enor extr emity, entirely cartilaginous, extends down to the nostrils 
and forms the frame of the internal wing. It results from this disposi¬ 
tion that the position and form of the meatus are not like those of the 
lorse,—the superior is, indeed, very small, and mixed near the nostrils 
with the middle one, which, quite wide forward, is very narrow behind, 
