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A. LIAUTARD. 
It is rectangular, elongated from above below ; limited above by 
the ear, below by the glosso-facial vein, forward by the posterior border 
of the maxillary, behind by the transverse process of the atlas and a 
vertical line extending from that process. 
As external form, we find at the base of the ear and in front a small 
depression, bound posteriorly by a small prominence. The middle part is 
flat and slightly depressed between the posterior border of the maxillary 
and the transverse process of the atlas. Its inferior part seems to pass 
under the thick border of the maxillary, and runs towards that of the 
opposite side as far as the inferior border of the neck and of the throat. 
The different layers which compose it are : 1st, the skin; 2d, a 
subcutaneous connective layer ; 3d, a muscular layer; 4th, the parotid 
gland ; 5th, several muscles ; 6th, the guttural pouches; 7th, blood 
vessels and nerves. 
1st. The skin is thin, covered with short hairs, very loose, and 
shows plainly the hollows and projections of the organs placed under¬ 
neath. It is only in low bred horses, or in young animals at the time 
when they are suffering or recovering from strangles, that this region is 
thick and not well defined. 
2d. The subcutaneous connective tissue is not very abundant in 
well bred animals, but more so in low breed, when then it is sometimes 
infiltrated with fat. 
3d. The panniculus carnosus muscle extends over the whole region, 
but it is then reduced in thickness to only a few fibres spread over the 
parts and united together by a thin aponeurosis. Its greatest thickness 
is at the posterior and inferior regions, on a level with the union of the 
external maxillary and jugular veins. 
Not to needlessly complicate our description, we will include in this 
chapter the parotido-auricular muscle. This muscle, of red strong 
color, runs in the direction of the great axis of the region, in the median 
part of which it is situated ; it spreads downwards as far as its lower 
quarter, and superiorly its fibres form a thicker fasciculus much narrower 
as it goes to insert itself to the base of the conqua. 
4th. The parotid is flat on its external surface, but the internal is very 
irregular to mould itself upon the muscles and blood vessels underneath. 
The superior border is concave, and embraces the base of the 
conqua; the inferior is lodged in the angle formed by the glosso-facial 
and jugular vein ; its anterior border is moulded upon the posterior bor¬ 
der of the maxillary bone. Below the condyle of that bone, the gland 
covers the bone in an extend of two or three centimeters, where the 
facial and temporal nerves, and the temporal artery and veins make 
