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A. LIAUTARD. 
the region, under the digastricus muscle and stylo hyoideus. In the 
lower region, on a corresponding plan of that pouch, we find the thyroid 
gland, the larynx and a part of the pharynx. 
7th. Blood Vessels and Nerves , being numerous and important, they 
need a minutious description. 
The arteries are the divisions of the primitive carotid , whose most 
elevated portion is concealed deeply under the posterior and inferior 
angles of the gland. These divisions are : 1st, the occipital ; 2d, the 
internal carotid; 3d, the external carotid. 
The occipital is not, in our point of view, very important ; in its 
inferior third it is running along the internal carotid, then passes up¬ 
wards under the transverse process of the atlas, and behind the guttural 
pouches, between the anterior straight muscles* of the head and the 
maxillary gland. One of its divisions, the mastoid, glides over the ex¬ 
ternal surface of the styloid process of the occipital, under the small 
oblique musclef of the head, and ramifies in that muscle. 
The internal carotid is situated in a special fold of the posterior 
face of the guttural pouch, passing first directly upwards under the base 
of the cranium, then turning forward to reach the posterior foramen 
lacerum. It is m that last portion that it may be injured during the 
operation of hyo vertebrotomy, when the bistouri is carried in too deeply 
and too perpendicularly. 
The external carotid , first situated under and behind the guttural 
pouch, at the internal face of the parotid, runs obliquely upwards in 
crossing the region, and becoming more and more superficial, covered 
by the jugular vein and its confluents, as far as the posterior border of 
the maxillary bone, where it divides into two terminal trunks, the super¬ 
ficial temporal and the internal maxillary . In this course, this artery 
gives a number of branches to the parotid, and two principal ones. 
1 st, the maxillo-muscular, which, rising from the carotid at obtuse 
angles, a little forward of its terminal division, runs downwards along 
the posterior border of the maxillary bone, and divides in two branches, 
one external going to the masseter muscle, one internal going to the in¬ 
ternal pterygoid muscle. 2d, the posterior auricular, which passes to 
the base of the ear, lodged in the tissue of the parotid, which receives 
many of its branches; it looses itself in the external and middle ear. 
The divisions of the external carotid, the temporal trunk and the 
internal maxillary , belong also by their origin to the parotid region; the 
last, however, soon assumes a very deep situation. The superficial 
* .Rectus capitis anticus, major and minor. Percival. 
t Obliquus capitis minor. Percival. 
