ANATOMY OF REGIONS. 
229 
temporal, the smallest of the two, runs a short course between the paro¬ 
tid, the guttural pouch and the neck of the condyle of the maxillary, 
then it divides in two branches, the sub-zygomatic, which goes to the 
masseter, and the anterior auricular, passing upwards through the paro¬ 
tid to ramify in that gland, the crotaphite muscle and the conqua. 
The veins are numerous, and empty into the jugular or its affluents. 
The two roots of the jugular (temporal trunk and internal maxillary vein) 
unite together behind the neck of the maxillary to form this large vessel. 
The position of these veins is entirely analogous to that of the 
arteries of the same name, though more superficial. The same can be 
* 
said of the parotid portion of the jugular, which corresponds to the ex¬ 
ternal carotid, and which receives the veins corresponding to the arteries 
given by this last vessel ; the maxillo-muscular vein, the posterior auri¬ 
cular, and the parotid veins. All these vessels have a size double or triple 
of their arterial satellites. The jugular receives besides, towards its su¬ 
perior third, a second posterior auricular vein, which has no analogous 
amongst the arteries, and which follow a very superficial course, be¬ 
ing lodged in a semi canal of the tissue of the gland. 
The jugular vein, in its parotid portion, is sometimes so superficial 
that it is separated from the skin only by the panniculus carnosus and 
the parotido-a.uricularis muscle* ; at other times it is covered by a 
thin layer of glandular tissue, and is detected only here and there through 
the region. In all cases, it is always easy to expose it, by pressure of 
the jugular in its groove ; the oscillating movements that one can then 
give to the flow of blood will be transmitted readily as far as the base of 
the ear, and thus they allow not only to trace the size of the vein, but 
also its superficial or deep situation. 
We may mention also amongst the veins of that region, the occipital 
vein, analogous to the artery of the same name. The glosso-facial vein, 
as we have already said, limits the inferior extremity of the gland which 
is received in the angle that it forms in joining the jugular. 
The nerves are superficial or deep. Some are special to the region* 
others only run through it to reach other organs. 
Directly under the skin are found the divisions of the first and 
second cervical pairs, going to the panniculus carnosus, the parotid and 
the ear. One of these branches coming from the second cervical pair 
passes, in going, to the ear, over the surface of the tendon of the levator 
humeri ; it is sufficiently large to give rise to violent pain when it is in¬ 
jured ; another runs downwards, and crosses the direction of the gland to 
lay itself against the glosso-facial vein; it sends a branch to the cervical 
* Abducens or deprimens aurem. Percival. 
