ANATOMY OF REGIONS. 
319 
ANATOMY OF REGIONS. 
Translated, from Peuch and Toussaint's , Precis de Chirurgie Veterinaire. 
By A. Liautard, M. D. V. S. 
[Continued from Page 230 .] 
SECTION II.—TEMPORAL REGION. 
This is a very natural region, which writers on the external form of 
the domestic animals have mixed up, without reason, with the frontal 
region, while they have called the temples the bony projection corres¬ 
ponding to the temporo-maxillar articulation. 
For us the temporal region corresponds to the temporal fossa ; it 
is then situated on the sides of the cranian portion, between the anterior 
and the lateral faces of the head, bound inward by the parietal crest, for¬ 
ward by the orbite, outward by the zygomatic process, and extending 
backwards to the pole ; the conqua seems to rise from its external and 
posterior portion. 
The temporal region is convex from side to side and slightly from 
forward backward; it projects over the frontal region, and this more so 
as the muscles are more developed. In those animals where the mus¬ 
cular system is emaciated, a flat part takes the place of the prominence; 
it presents then forward a depression more or less marked, especially in 
old animals, hence the name of hollows of the eye, given to it by old 
writers. The skin is fine and loose, especially inwards and behind the 
ear. Under it we find a first muscular layer, agent of motion of the 
conqua. The muscles which compose it are attached partly to the 
scutiform cartilage, a cartilaginous piece situated in front of the ear and 
easily defined under the skin. These muscles are—the zygomato- 
auricularis*, the external temporo auricularisf, and the external 
scuto auricularisj. 
Other muscles belonging to the ear, also—the internal scuto§ 
and temporo auricularis||, situated under the former—form another 
thin layer. 
The fourth plane is constituted by the crotaphite, very strong 
muscle, filling up all the temporal fossa, attached upon the whole extent 
of that fossa and upon the coronoid process of the inferior maxillary. 
* Attolens anterior.—Percival. t Attolens maximus.—P. f Anterior conchoe.—P. 
§ Posterior conchoe.—P. II Attolens posterior.—P. 
