66 
F. S. BILLINGS. 
regulates the paleness of the parts, and this paleness is not the 
second stadium of a protopathic process bound with hypersemia 
and trails or exudation by which compression of the capillaries 
and consequent ischaemia is caused, but the ischaemia lias existed 
from the beginning. 
When, however, an atelectatic part is at the same time hyper- 
aemic forms, by vital hypostosis, and in the hypostatic atelectatic 
parts the inflamatory processes in question develop, the condition 
produced is designated as splenization. 
Gelatinous infiltration is, therefore, made up of atelectasis, 
ischcemia and a low grade of cellular infiltration in the alveolae 
beginning of hepatisation. Splenization is made up of atelectasis, 
hypostatic hypercemia , transudation and a low grade of cellular 
infiltration in the alveolae. 
The condition to the development of atelectasis and ischaemia 
are self-evidently present by emaciated horses. By such the 
respiration is weak, and they frequently suffer with bronchial 
catarrhs. Atelectasis will especially develop in such lungs, in 
which the atmospheric circulation is under normal conditions very 
poor, and in the inferior median and anterior section of one or 
the other or both lobes of the lungs. The extension of the 
atelectasis is dependant upon the extent of the bronchial catarrh, 
and again upon the grade of respiratory weakness present. As 
such horses are also ischaemic, the atelectatic parts of the lungs 
are also pale. We meet witli atelectasis and ischaemia very fre¬ 
quently by horses suffering from malleus chronica. Such horses 
are weak and ischaemic, their respiration is insufficient, as proven 
by abductions they frequently suffer from a more or less extensive 
bronchial catarrh. 
The weakness and emaciation of malleus diseased horses are 
conditioned by the influence of the local processes upon the gen¬ 
eral nourishmental condition of such animals. The lungs of 
horses diseased by malleus are predisposed to gelatinous infiltra¬ 
tion, which at once develops when such animals become com¬ 
plicated by the processes of pneumonia catarrhalis. Sections of 
one or both lobes of the lungs suffer changes corresponding to the 
extension of the inflammatory processes. I do not think, how- 
