08 
F. S. BILLINGS. 
For this we find a simple explanation ; the catarrhalic pneumonia 
is always introduced by the bronchi, and consequently the most 
severe irritation must always take place in the vicinity of the 
same. Broncho-pneumonia has a centre-like (that is the processes 
are more severe in places) character noduli are developed, which 
sit in a gelatinous infiltrated or splenisated ground. The centra 
are white in the gelatinous infiltrated parts, and greyish red in the 
splenisated ; they are dry and project beyond the general level of 
the sectioned service of such pulmonic tissues. I am convinced 
that those people who hold all possible nodulous centra in the 
lungs for “ tubercles noduli ” of malleus, will also look upon 
these bronclio-pneumonic centra as having a specific character. I 
can, however, assure all such that such centra have nothing what¬ 
ever to do with malleus, and can develop under the named con¬ 
ditions by horses entirely free from the complications of that 
disease. At other times we find entire lobuli or whole sections 
of the lungs in this condition of full cellular infiltration— 
hepatisation. 
Pneumonia catarrhalis frequently develops by emaciated cachec¬ 
tic horses, such animals having a predisposition to this disease. I 
cannot, however, agree with Buhl when he attributes his consecutive 
disquamative pneumonia to a disease of the blood, i. e. to the 
reception of specific elements in the circulation, as, by carcinoma, 
caries, tuberculosis, etc. I have at least been unable to convince 
myself that this assumption is correct. The nourishmental con¬ 
ditions of a horse frequently become very poor by malleus, 
and with this general disturbance of the nourishment; by such 
horses as well as others, a predisposition to pneumonia becomes 
developed. I will not attempt to decide what conditions this 
predisposition, as anatomical reasons for the same in the pul¬ 
monary tissues are not, for the present at least, demonstratable. 
The lungs of such animals are vulnerable, and this physiological 
characteristic is not to be demonstrated anatomically. Pneu¬ 
monia catarrhalis would under such circumstances be generated 
by a very slight irritation, which may come to pass by means of 
the respiratory tractus, but may not be introduced to the lungs by 
means of the blood. By a healthy horse such an irritation would 
