154 
JURISPRUDENCE. 
below the hock as below the knee, and need not be repeated. All 
diseases of the skin, during their continuance, constitute unsound¬ 
ness, but many of them are only temporary, easily cured, and a 
modified opinion should be given in such cases. The examiner 
having carefully examined the exterior, will proceed to have him 
tested for internal derangements, which are only to be discovered 
by the production of indicatory symptoms. Roaring, which is 
the name given to a hoarse noise made during inspiration, of 
which whistling, wheezing, and highblowing are merely modifica¬ 
tions, is symptomatic of some structural change in the larynx, 
often atrophy or wasting of some of the muscles, disease of the 
laryngeal nerve, is unsound even in its slightest degree. It is to 
be detected by having the horse galloped at top speed. Thick 
wind, broken wind, chronic bronchitis, will be discovered by the 
same test; they are all unsound. Chronic cough, characterized 
by its short dry nature, not followed by clearing of the nostrils, 
is unsound. Adhesions of the pleurae, indicated by short breath¬ 
ing and grunting when suddenly startled by raising a whip, or 
striking him on the ribs, indicates weakness of the lungs from 
previous disease, and constitutes unsoundness. All the diseases 
of the digestive organs, which are known to exist at the time of 
sale, render the animal unsound. Worms may be detected by 
the yellow mucus surrounding the anus, or by the tail having 
been rubbed, or they may be seen in the foeces. A horse known 
to be subject to colic is unsound, inasmuch as it indicates some 
organic, mechanical, or functional derangement which may cause 
death. Crib-biting and wind-sucking constitute unsoundness, as 
they invariably give rise to indigestion and render the animal less 
valuable and less useful. All diseases of the brain or nervous 
system known at the time of sale, even if they cannot be sug¬ 
gested by examination, staggers, shivering Immobilite ), chorea, 
(the most common form of the latter being stringhalt) constitute 
unsoundness. All diseases, acute or chronic, which cause even 
temporary alteration in the structure or functions of an organ, or 
system of organs, constitute unsoundness during their continu¬ 
ance, and the examiner must be careful not to overlook that 
which may appear trivial. Many a “ slight cold ” has resulted in 
