192 
F. S. BILLINGS. 
As to the general phenomena anticipating and accompanying 
v. vaccince , we find little constancy in the same ; while in many 
cases the general condition of the animals remain undisturbed, 
and aside from the pain upon the udder, they do not seem to suf¬ 
fer any ; by others the disease begins with a slight disturbance, 
salivation from the mouth, rumination with empty mouth, want 
of appetite, quantitative decrease of the milk, and light fever 
phenomena; occasionally we may observe marked feverish phe¬ 
nomena, and a violent painful reaction by touching the udder; 
the teats then offer a wounded and suppurative surface. With a 
thinner milk, we also observe a quantitative decrease of this secre¬ 
tion. The last finds a partial explanation at least, in the difficulty 
we meet with in stripping such cows on account of the pain 
united with the operation. 
When we follow the progress of the disease in a herd, we ob¬ 
serve that the same extends from one cow gradually over the 
other members of the herd, and that, as a rule, but few individuals 
remain immune from the disease processes. The extension takes 
place as by fixed contagii, in part through interposition of the 
straw, or flooring of the stable ; in the greater number of cases, 
however, through the hands of the milkers. As a rule milk cows 
alone become diseased, not the young animals and bulls which 
may be in an infested stable. The fixed nature of the contagion 
is sufficient to explain the slow extension of the disease over the 
members of a given herd ; the disease in large herds frequently 
continues for six months or over. 
It will be our task yet to consider the category in which to 
place the dangerous exanthema which prevailed by cattle in the 
last century, which extended over the whole body, and was looked 
upon as a form of variolse—Ramazzini. In reality it appears as 
if a general form of variolse does occasionally appear by cattle. 
This very seldom form of variolse vaccinse was observed by Kull- 
rich in the spring of 1862, by calves in Upper Schlesia; the 
animals present catarrhalic phenomena, nodes were diagnostica- 
ble in the cutis, especially upon the median surface of the extremi¬ 
ties, the genitals and udder; variolae were apparent on the scro¬ 
tum of a young bull. The nodes were hyperamic, varying in 
