THERMOMETRY OF THE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 
281 
crease of the normal temperature to about 1.5® to 2°, (Horand, 
Pencil). Morphium produces a very irregular decrease in the 
temperature, accompanied with continual deviations. Camphora, 
given in large doses, acts the same as chloral; but if administered in 
small quantities, it produces a slight increase. Strychinine causes 
an elevation of about 3° to 4° in the bodily temperature, and 
produces death by paralyzing the heart—before which, however, 
we observe a quick sinking of the temperature. The medica- 
menta aromatica cause an increase in the temperature; so do the 
m. amara , if administered for some time. Chininum (quinine) 
produces an increase of about 1°. 
Cold bathing not only produces a cooling of the part to which 
it is applied, but also the general temperature sometimes to about 
2° or 3°, and by proper hydro-therapeutical contrivances a de¬ 
crease of 4° or 5° may be obtained; but the so-called reaction 
soon follows with increase of temperature. A douche causes a 
more general cooling than bathing. Cold clysters also produce a 
general decrease of the temperature of the body, but this is 
probably more local, as can be well understood from the fact 
that the thermometer is applied in the rectum. Gerlach says 
that if they are long continued, the temperature falls from 39° to 
to 36°. Ice packed upon the body, especially on the abdomen, 
produces a decrease of 0.8° to 1.7°, which is particularly notice¬ 
able in the rectum. 
Violent pain causes a sinking in the temperatare (Monte- 
ganyza). Traumatism is likewise followed by decrease in the tem¬ 
perature, whether it is the consequence of operations or accidental. 
Hemorrhage only produces decrease of the temperature when 
it is in large quantities and continuous. Venesection is uncertain 
and of short duration in this respect; it may cause a sinking of 
about 0.1°, but it soon returns to normality and even above. 
Frese mentions, that immediately after the withdrawal of a large 
quantity of blood, the temperature falls about 1°, but about an 
hour afterwards the temperature is higher than it was before the 
venesection was performed. A permanent diminution of 1.5° to 
2° can only be produced by hemorrhages which cause anemia and 
almost death. 
