282 
Gr. A. BANHAM. 
We ought to believe that exercise and excessive muscular 
action causes a considerable increase in temperature, since Helm¬ 
holtz has shown that muscular contraction is accompanied with 
generation of heat, and Brescliet and Becquerel have discovered 
by means of their thermoelectrical investigations, that after a 
muscle had contracted for five minutes its temperature rose 1°. 
By the thermometer the warmth is not so exactly measured, 
therefore this heat is not so easily discovered, and it is found 
requisite to trot and even galop a horse for some considerable 
time before a rise of 0.9° is obtained, (Siedamgrotzky und Peters). 
Schmalz also specified, that the highest temperature obtained by 
continual exercise was 1° above normality, but this soon disap¬ 
peared again after the animal became quiet. 
When an animal sweats , its temperature generally rises about 
12°; but one or two hours after cooling the temperature is 0.1° 
to 0.5° below the original point. Sweating horses in their winter 
coat can cause a sinking of 1° to 1.5°. 
After clipping horses and shearing sheep, their temperatures 
are found to rise about 0.5°, and even 0.8°; but the next day 
their temperature decreases about 0.5° to 1°, after which an in¬ 
crease again takes place. The temperature, however, remains 
some days below the normal standard. Siedamgrotzky remarks 
that the temperature increases more equally in clipped than in 
unclipped horses, and that they are about 0.1° higher warmer. 
The equalization also takes place more slowly. 
Clothing diminishes the temperature of the body, and this is 
even more strikingly the case by that which is impenetrable by 
moisture; and if the body be painted with glue or tar, it pro¬ 
duces a reduction of 3.5°, or more. If this experiment be con¬ 
tinued till asphyxia takes place, such as the experiments of Four- 
cault, Bonley, Edenhingen, and Gerlach, by suppressing the 
perspiration, a decrease of 14°, and even of 18°, was observed 
before death took place, (Brescliet and Bequerel). Fourcault 
says: If single portions of the body are painted, a decrease of 
3.5' is always obtained, although those parts which are free act as 
compensatory. 
In the m,oments of death ) we observe a change in the term 
