284 
G. A. BANHAM. 
iological experiments, thus: if an animal be cooled to 20°, or 
heated to 45°, death takes place. The bodies of animals which 
have their liberty, accustom themselves to the surrounding cold 
atmosphere, and we observe, even in animals which are exposed 
to considerable cold, an increase in their temperature of about 
0.8°. Animals which are exposed to the sun’s rays, in perfect 
quietude, show a rise of about 1.2° to 2.3°, even when the exter¬ 
nal temperature is below that of their internal. On the other 
hand, if the animal can take exercise, or a breeze is blowing, it 
can easily bear a temperature of 50° to 60°, without their internal 
temperature rising above 0.5° to 0.8°. 
We observe periodical variations in the temperature of ani¬ 
mals thus: In the evening it is generally higher than in the 
morning. According to Gerlacli, Rueff, Siedamgrotzky, and 
Bayer, the temperature in the evening is at least 0.1°, and often 
1.2°, higher than in the morning. Chossat had already observed 
this deviation, and recognized it as normal. It may be observed 
in most diseases, and when the evening temperature is lower than 
that of the morning, it may always be considered as a critical 
sign. Brusasco quotes, that the maximum temperature of 
solipeds and cattle is between 5 and 7 a. m. and 9 and 10 p. m., 
the minimum being between 3 and 5 p. M.and 8 and 10 a. m. In 
the dog the maximum falls between 1 and 2, and 5 and 8 p. m., 
the minimum between 3 and 5, and 7 and 8 a, m. These devia¬ 
tions, however, are very small, only amounting to about .1°. 
Disease causes the bodily temperature to depart from its 
physiological boundaries, the variations always standing in rela¬ 
tion to the violence of the disease. The temperature seldom 
rises more than 2° to 3° above the normal standard in our domes¬ 
tic animals. As soon as the temperature has risen 5°, we may 
consider it as a bad sign; since this high temperature, so to say, 
burns up the body, i. e ., consumes it. A decrease in the tem¬ 
perature is just as dangerous as the above, for a reduction of 8° 
or 10° may be looked upon as a sign of death. 
During inflammation the temperature rises, and the increase is 
in exact relation to the degree of the inflammatory fever. The 
inflamed part is warmer than the surroundings, but this is very 
