420 
F. 8. BILLINAS. 
V 
The tail was lost in Belgium by about 7.4—8.95% ; France, 
24—31.6% ; Holland, 2.76—3.96% ; other lands, 5.14—9.37%. 
Extensive gangrenous disturbances appeared in Belgium by 
0.24—0.29% ; France, 0.46—0.6% ; Holland, 0.02—0.03% ; 
other lands, 0.67—1.21%. 
Died in Belgium, 2.58%—3.1% ; France, 2.61%—3.44% ; 
Holland, 0.85—1.20% ; other lands, 3.53—6.45%. 
As an average from the above 22,348 cases of inoculation, we 
lind that local phenomena at point of inoculation failed by 5476 
animals, 24^-% ; and the inoculation gave positive results by 
Fifteen hundred and eighty-two of the inoculated animals lost 
their tails, 7.08%; 53 suffered from extensive gangrene, 0.24%, 
and 490 animals died, 2.19%. 
Let us assume that the total loss following inoculation be 
4%, and compare the same with the losses resulting from the 
natural disease. It is impossible to arrive at any exact percentage 
of the losses from the natural disease, 'the reports varying from 
10—75%; this great variation is aependent on the manner and 
frequency dn which the disease has appeared in different localities 
and at different times. 
Let us assume, with Ball, that about 30% die. To this we 
must add those animals which are slaughtered as unhealable, or 
from secondary disturbances, the loss from milk, and waste of 
flesh, treatment, etc. Ball gives this loss as 60%, and remarks 
that the same is not exaggerated. If we assume that 40% of the 
animals exposed to infection became manifestly diseased, we may 
assume the loss from the natural disease to be then about 24%. 
The opponents of inoculation may object that frequently 
much less than 40% of the animals exposed to infection 
became diseased ; to this it may be said, that frequently, many 
more became diseased. According to a French Commission, from 
every 100 head of cattle exposed to infection, 30% became sub¬ 
jects of the disease. I must assert that by inoculations performed 
“ lege artis,” it is only very exceptionally that so great a loss as 
4% will result. 
The extent of the loss following inoculation is in a great 
