MICROSCOPIC IN GERMANY, 
495 
list of Leewenhock’s specimens as it appeared in the auction cata¬ 
logue after his death. The catalogue embraces thirty-seven ani¬ 
mal, nineteen vegetable, and many mineral objects. Although 
our limited space makes it almost impossible to mention them, 
yet to our readers it will be interesting, as we can thereby obtain 
a most excellent opportunity to mark the progress microscopy lias 
made. 
The successors of Schwammerdam and Leewenhock preserved 
their specimens in a dry state until within the second period of 
the history of the microscope. In observing the progress of the 
development of the microscope until the year 1811, we find that 
real scientific microscopy did not exist in the first period of its 
history. We will, however, examine the auxiliaries and addi¬ 
tional apparatus as well as the various methods for preserving the 
microscopical specimens. 
Before we examine further the progress of the development 
of microscopy in Germany, we shall first describe the term 
microscopy as we understand it. Microscopy is the scientific 
theory, the making and use of the microscope, as well as by the 
help of these instruments to construe'! finer appliances which are 
adapted to the examination of scientific, microscopical, and na¬ 
tural objects. General microscopy is the theory of the manufac¬ 
ture and use of the microscope. The process of development we 
have already described in the first period of the history of micro¬ 
scopy. Special microscopy is the theory of the finer construction 
of natural scientific objects. The term micrography has also 
been used, and with reason. Microscopy has, however, often 
been employed as a general term for both branches, although we 
decided long since to use the terms in their true scientific sense. 
We will close this treatment of the subject, as we shall give the 
definitions at the end of the work. We shall make use of the 
special terms in order to avoid all mistakes. 
In the first period of its history microscopy was of very 
little importance, on account of the undeveloped state of the 
microscope. We would observe that the development of the mic¬ 
roscope is closely allied to the development in micrography. Con¬ 
siderable progress in the development of special microscopy can 
