502 
A. LIAUTARD. 
At any rate, from a practical point of view, we may say that the 
dry corn is very generally the first objective symptom of hoof- 
bound; and for this reason does it most generally appear on the 
internal sides. This same peculiarity distinguishes the symptom¬ 
atic from the essential dry corn, which affects at the same time, 
both sides of the foot. 
Some corns are called stable corns,* because they appear after 
long standing in a stall. This is a symptomatic corn, resulting 
from atrophy of the plantar cushion, which takes place when inac¬ 
tion is too long maintained. 
The essential dry corn may become moist, and even suppura¬ 
tive. Most likely then the transudated blood is in too great a 
quantity, for it cannot penetrate far enough the layers of horn in 
way of formation, and forms between the deepest layer and the 
living tissues, an effusion which undergoes the pyogenic transfor¬ 
mation. 
3. Navicular Disease .—Is navicular disease also a consequence 
of atrophy of plantar cushion ? Having never observed that 
disease—unless we have mistaken it for hoof-bound proper— 
knowing it only by what you have read on it, we cannot be as 
affirmative as we have been for the symptomatic quarter crack 
and corn. 
However, we have serious reasons to believe that navicular 
disease is also a consequence of the atrophy of the plantar cushion, 
and that its lesions are, so to speak, the extreme degree of the 
disorders of the atrophy of the fibro-elastic apparatus of the foot. 
Our opinion is created because the causes attributed to navicular 
disease are generally of the same nature as those likely to produce 
hoof-bound : special predisposition of “ well-bred ” animals, racing 
horses, long rest, dryness of the horn. What is certain is the 
rarity of this affection in France, and its reputed common appear¬ 
ance in England amongst high bred animals. 
If we now look into the symptoms, we see that navicular dis¬ 
ease, like hoof-bound, is most common in the front feet, and 
locally manifested by contraction of the heels. M, Bouley says ; 
* Bleimes d’eiurie. 
