511 
A SHORT SKETCH, ETC. 
sanguinis in animalibus ” 1628, the circulation by the most 
exact observations upon animals, and studied the formation of the 
heart in all animals to mollusks and insects. The people of his 
time were not grateful for these valuable contributions, and he 
therefore postponed the publication of his work, “ Exercitationes 
de generatione animalium, quibus accedunt de partu, de mem- 
branus ac humoribus,” wherein he mentioned the noted saying, 
“ Omne vivum exovo,” until shortly before his death, although 
ready for publication in 1633. Malpighi continued his observa¬ 
tions with great zeal, and published his work in the work entitled, 
“ de formatione polli in ovo,” and in an appendix, “ de ovo incu- 
bato,” London, 1673 ; and the student Ludwig Hammer, in Lei¬ 
den, discovered the spermatozoa in 1677. Antonio Fallisneri con¬ 
cluded this work, until Haller in his “ Istoria della genetione ” 
Venice,1731. Winter Von Adlersflugel wrote a book entitled, “Hip- 
piater expertus, der wohlerfahrene Rossorzt,” Nurnburg, 169S. 
Marco Aurelio Saverino, (1580-1656) gave the picture a more 
rotund form by his work “Anatomia Democritea,” Nurnburg, 1645; 
he compared cuncta animaliune genera, the lowest animals as 
the echinoderms and zoophytes with man in ‘‘ quibus arcana ma- 
jora suspicor, quane ut vulgis opinetur.” He may be rightly 
looked upon as the founder of the doctrine “ de usu partiuin,” as 
he most earnestly advocates the necessity of the knowledge of 
comparative pathology to practitioners. The discovery of the 
microscope by Hans Jessen and his son Zacharias, toward the 
end of the sixteenth century, is observable in the work of Severi- 
no. Although the Amsterdam naturalists, Swommerdam—1637- 
1680—and Leuwenhock at Delft, 1632-1723, had to combat with 
all the inconveniences of incomplete instruments, the latter clearly 
demonstrated with the same, the immediate passage of the blood 
from the finest arteries to the finest veins by man, frogs and 
fishes; these observations are to be found in his writings entitled, 
‘ opera omnia s, arcana naturae ope microscopii detecta,” Leiden, 
1722. 
Thomas Willis essentially contributed to the knowledge of the 
brain by his writings, u Cerebri anatome,” London, 1644 ; u de 
anima brutorum,” 4 Edi. Oxford, 1674 ; “Pathologia cerebri et 
