513 
A SHORT SKETCH, ETC 
Cuvier, born at Maempelgard, 1760, in that he reviewed the 
detailed works of his predecessors in a true scientific manner. 
Although much credit is due to Blumenbach for his “ Haudbuch 
der Comparativen Anatomie,” 1805, in which lie followed in the 
path of Haller, and the best of his predecessors, and followed 
the conviction that physiology derived more light from compara¬ 
tive anatomy than from anthropotomy alone; and although in his 
lectures and work he took notice of the development of veteri¬ 
nary medicine, yet greater service was rendered by Cuvier 
through his “ Lemons d’anatomie comparee,” Paris, (1800-1805.) 
“ As every organism,” says Cuvier, “ unites in itself the conditions 
to its existence, so must every part of it so combine, to form a 
complete whole.” The analysis of these conditions leads to the 
discovery of general laws. In his 19th year Cuvier wrote to 
his friend Pfaff, “ we must study exactly the relation of all ex¬ 
isting beings with the surrounding world, and especially en¬ 
deavor to discover how far they individually contribute the econo¬ 
my of the whole.” 
Marie Frangose Xavier Bichat, (1771-1802) the creator of 
the new French school of medicine, the zealous teacher of 
anatomy at Paris, who enlivened anatomy by means of physi¬ 
ology, deserves especial mention. Cloquet, Beclard, Magendi, 
Berres, Schwann, M. Barry, Heusinger, Heule, Rathke, Kolliker, 
and others have been his followers. Ernst Ludwig Heim, born 
1747, rendered essential service through his writings, essentially 
contributed to comparative pathology by his dissections of over 
one hundred cattle cadavers which had perished from rinderpest 
and anthrax, and by assisting in the formation of the first Ger¬ 
man veterinary school in Germany in Berlin in 1790, after 
France had erected a school at Alfort with great liberality, fol¬ 
lowing thereby the idea of Cothenius “ sur la necessity d’une 
ecole Veterinaire.” Essentially contributing to the erection of 
the same was the utter impotency of the human doctors in the 
face of the devastations of rinderpest in many parts of Europe 
at this period 
We need not wonder that France came to such conclusions, 
as there is no land in Europe where sorcerers and “ devil drivers” 
