35 
Lanins excubitor and Lanius major. 
B. Specimens in Summer Plumage (June to August). 
a. Typical L. excubitor. 
One male. —Abdomen snowy white, the rump of a well-nigh 
pure white; outermost tail-feather almost wholly white; basal 
mark on secondaries normal (23-25 mm.). Tana, East Fin- 
mark, 30th June, 1885. 
b. Typical L. major. 
One female (had paired with preceding specimen).—Faint 
traces of vermiculations; outermost tail-feather with a large 
and broad black spot; basal spot on secondaries absolutely 
wanting. Tana, 30th June, 1885. 
C. Specimens in Nesting-plumage (June to July). 
a. Typical L. excubitor. 
Two males (hatched together).—Basal spot on secondaries 
normal (26-27 mm.). See above, p. 32. Dovre Fjeld, 30th 
June, 1884. 
b. Typical L. major. 
One female (of the same brood as the two before men¬ 
tioned).—Basal spot on the secondaries absolutely wanting 
(see above, p. 32). Dovre Fjeld, 30th June, 1884. 
D. Specimens in Autumn Plumage (September to 
November). 
a. Typical L. excubitor. 
Five males. —One without vermiculations, and with a 
large basal spot on the secondaries (28-29 mm.); outermost 
tail-feather almost wholly white; perhaps an old specimen. 
The other four specimens with traces of vermiculations and 
the basal spot on the secondaries normal (26 mm,, in one 
example 24 mm.) Aker, 8th Nov., 1876, 12th Nov., 1881, 
13th Nov., 1884; Bomedal, 4th Oct., 1884; Maalselven, near 
Tromso, Sept. 1880. 
One female. —Broad and distinct vermiculations ; basal 
spot on the secondaries normal (18-20 mm.), its colour not 
quite pure; traces of vermiculations on the upper and lower 
tail-coverts. Aker, 4th Nov., 1881. 
d 2 
