Recently published Ornithological Works. 369 
nominated, leaving modern birds to the fourth subclass 
“ Eurhipidurse " of Gill, so-called in contradistinction to 
“ Saururae," from their fan-like tail. The Eurhipidurse are 
subdivided into three “ superorders/' Dromaeognathae, Im- 
pennes, and Euornithes. The Tinamoos are annexed to the 
Struthiones in the first of these. It is, however, we think, 
hardly justifiable to use Prof. Huxley's term “ Dromaeo- 
gnathae," intended for the Tinamoos only, in this extended 
sense: it would be even better, in our opinion, to retain 
the term u Struthiones" for the group thus constituted. 
The name “ Batitae " is of course no longer applicable to a 
division in which the Tinamoos are included. That the 
authors are right in the important rank thus conferred on 
the Penguins, we are firmly convinced. The Penguins 
cannot be descendants of ancestors that ever had normal 
bird's wings, and must be kept quite apart from the typical 
birds. But whether it is justifiable to include the Tinamoos 
in the same primary division as the Struthiones, and to raise 
the Penguins to exactly the same level as this division, we 
are not so certain. 
Dr. Stejneger's classical terms are mostly so far more 
correct than those of the general run of his brother orni¬ 
thologists that he will excuse us for pointing out that the 
plural of 0 S 0 O?, a tooth, is not “ odontoi," nor that of “ scu- 
tellum " “ scutellae " ! As regards our friend Prof. Newton's 
well-known claim in favour of the Crow as the most u un¬ 
challenged chief" of the class of birds, Dr. Stejneger well 
shows (pp. 482, 483) that the Corvine tarsus is “ very low 
indeed"; and he might have added that the structure of the 
Crow's wing is likewise incompatible with so high a rank. 
We agree with Dr. Stejneger that the most highly developed 
bird is a nine-primaried Oscine, but are not sure that the 
much-detested Sparrow has not as good claims for this 
exalted position as Dr. Stejneger's candidates the Hawfinch 
and the Evening-grosbeak. 
Subjoined is a passage from Dr. Stejneger's disquisition 
on the subject of counting the primaries in the bird's wing, 
which deserves the serious attention of ornithologists :— 
