426 C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 
the infrahumerales and scapulares. It seems to me that this 
term may and must justly be dropped. 
3. Plumce infrahumerales (the inferior feathers of the 
humerus) on the underside, opposite to the preceding.—Some 
of them, situated on the anterior surface of the humerus 
(fig. 5, u y fig. 4, n), are very strongly developed in the Water- 
birds and Waders, most frequently very long, slender, 
straight, and somewhat obtuse/ The middlemost are always 
longest. There are from 7 to 9 of them. It is quite the 
same in the Gallinse and diurnal Birds of Prey, but the 
number is only 7 or 6. In the Owls they are small and less 
distinct. Columha has 5 flat and tolerably large ones. In 
Coracias they are very large; in Cuculus distinct, but not 
large. Most of the Psittaci have them very small and indi¬ 
stinct, but Psittacus amazonicus has 2 very long ones. 
In Picus and in all the Oscines this series of feathers, 
which in all those previously mentioned are large, is wanting, 
and in them there is merely a row of small feathers upon the 
posterior side of the arm (fig. 9, u), and these also occur in 
the preceding below the humerus. 
These series of feathers seem to form continuations of the 
tectrices infracubit ales. Of all birds the Tringarise [Nume- 
nius &c.) have them most developed; in these the series is 
continued by 3-6 feathers, which seem to be seated upon the 
hypochondrium itself. 
The name hypopterum adopted by Nitzsch is, in my 
opinion, for reasons already given, to be mentioned here only 
as a superfluous synonym. 
4. In immediate sequence to the two kinds of feathers 
last discussed, another sort must be mentioned in a few 
words, as, although they do not belong to the wing, they 
stand in close connexion with it, namely :— 
The plumes scapulares (shoulder-feathers, figs. 2, 3, 6, 7, h) } 
which form a usually multiple series upon the body across 
the upper extremity of the humerus, therefore immediately 
above the scapula and parallel to it. They constitute 
NitzsclPs pteryla scapularis (figs. 2, 6, h). No doubt the 
name parapteron was originally formed for these feathers ; 
