439 
C. J. S unde vail on the Wings of Birds. 
4. The extensor indicis proprius is generally thick; it 
commences near the basis radii in Sterna ; at | in Psittacus , 
the Accipitres, and the Grallse; a little further down in 
Columba, at J in Aptenodytes ; and lowest down in the Gallinse, 
namely at J- in Gallus domesticus, J in Tetrao, and a little 
more than J in Lagopus ; at f also in Ciconia nigra, in which 
it has an unusually fine sinew. 
5. The extensor carpi ulnaris is rather thin in the Grallse 
and Sterna, commencing by a slender sinew from the aponeu¬ 
rosis on the surface of the next within on the cubitus; similar, 
but larger and higher up towards the humerus in the An- 
seres, Gallinse, and Strix. Fleshy nearly from the humerus 
in Columba. 
6. The humero-ulnaris externus is thick like No. 1, and 
strong in all. Columba has it extended to half the length 
of the ulna, Psittacus to f. Among the Accipitres : in Aquila 
albicilla to \, in Buteo, Falco, and Strix a little further, in 
Falco palumbarius to §. In Anas, Uria, and Alca to §, in 
Sterna scarcely to \. Among the Grallse, to f in S colop ax 
and Fulica, but only § in Grus, and \ in Charadrius; in 
Ciconia, in which it is thin, and lies between the two arm- 
bones, scarcely to It is largest of all in the Gallinse, 
reaching to the end of the ulna. 
7. The supinator is always more strongly fleshy. It extends 
beyond the half of the radius in Psittacus, to | in Columba , 
to J in the Accipitres and Waders, beyond the half in the 
Gallinse (. Lagopus f, Gallus |), to \ in Anas , to § in Mergus } 
visible on both sides of the bone as in all the preceding; but 
in Uria } Alca , and Aptenodytes it goes on the outside only 
to about For half its length it is united with the extensor 
digitorum communis in Charadrius . 
b. On the Finer Surface. 
8. The flexor carpi ulnaris has already been noticed; always 
thick. 
9. The rector remigum is wanting in Aptenodytes . It has 
a long stout sinew when the cubitus is long, as in Grus, 
Strix, &c. 
