440 C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 
10. The flexor digitorum sublimis. —Its fleshy part com¬ 
mences in Columba and Psittacus at the base of the fascia, 
and is attached to its margin nearly to the carpus; it is some¬ 
what shorter, but thick in the Accipitres, commencing from 
i of the fascia in Strix, Falco palumbarius, apivorus, &c., 
somewhat lower down in the others, and at J in the Eagles. 
It is least of all in the Gallinm, just under the end of the 
fascia (from \ in Lagopus and f in Tetrao tetrix) ; the sinew 
gives off a branch to the basis pollicis, although No. 4 also 
furnishes one as usual. Of the Grallse, Scolopax and Grus 
have it formed as in the Accipitres ; Ciconia and Rallus have 
it smaller; Anas has it fleshy from £ to the apex of the 
fascia. In Alca it is strong, fleshy from the base to of the 
fascia; in Sterna from the base to ^. 
11. The flexor digitorum profundus commences in most 
forms from \ of the ulna : Columba , Accipitres, and Gallinae, 
Scolopax and Fulica, Anas, Alca; nearer the base in Psittacus 
and Columba. 
12. The flexor carpi radialis commences a little above the 
middle of the ulna in Psittacus, Columba , the Accipitres and 
Gallinse, somewhat higher in the Water-birds, but lower 
down in the Waders; at § in Otis, Scolopax, Struthio; at f in 
Fulica, which therefore, has this muscle unusually small 
(Schopss); but from J in Grus, and just below \ in 
Ciconia . 
13. 14. The pronatores appear under two different forms. 
Sometimes they are of the same length, or the lower one is a 
little shorter, as in the Song-birds, but always widely sepa¬ 
rated ; sometimes the lower one is considerably longer and 
thicker. The lower one is always at least as thick as No. 1, fre¬ 
quently (e. g. Grus) twice as thick; it is largest of all in 
Columba, reaching to f and to the apex of the radius. In 
Psittacus they reach to J and J-, and are at their upper attach¬ 
ment on the humerus more widely separated than usual, so that 
the upper one is attached considerably higher up on the bone, 
near the flexor carpi ulnaris. In the Accipitres they usually 
extend to § and f- ( Strix nisoria, Astur, Buteo), or J and J 
[Falco, Strix liturata ), or only to J and ^ ( Aquila albicilla ). 
