441 
C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 
In the Gallinse the upper one is somewhat longer and reaches 
to f in Tetrao 3 § in Lag opus, beyond j in Gallus. The Grallse 
show both forms; in Scolopax both extend to in Ciconia 
and Grus to J and f-, in Otis to \ and §, and in Fulica to | 
and j. Among the Water-birds : in Sterna to 5 and J- ; in 
Anas to j and |; in Alca and Uria, in which they extend J 
and j, the larger one lies externally towards the apex of the 
cubitus, and not under the shorter one, as it does in all other 
birds, or at least in a great majority of them. 
15. The humero-ulnaris inferior has also been already 
mentioned. It extends in the Gallinse to half the cubitus, 
where it meets with the commencement of No. 13 on the 
inside of the ulna and terminates at the outer margin of the 
latter. In Cygnus it was found by Tiedemann. In Anas 
glacialis and mollissima it starts from the condyle as a 
peculiar, cylindrical, and fleshy bundle, attached at | of 
the ulna beside the brachialis internus and the flexor digito- 
rum profundus. In Mergus merganser just the same, but 
less distinctly defined. In Uria it is not separated, but is 
represented by a part of the pronator inferior , the fibres of 
which are attached to the ulna from its base to \ of its length. 
In Psittacus it forms a very small bundle, issuing from the 
condyle under the pronator inferior , and is only loosely at¬ 
tached by cellular tissue to the upper ^ of the ulna. 
Possibly a rudiment of it has been overlooked in some of 
the other birds described, which I have now no opportunity 
of examining afresh; but it is certainly deficient in Strix, 
Pernis, Grus , Ciconia , Charadrius, and Sterna. 
Bony sinews occur most irregularly,— e. g. among the Gal¬ 
linse : in Gallus domesticus only in the flexor digitorum pro¬ 
fundus externally on the hand, but not in any in the fore¬ 
arm ; in Lagopus in the forearm in the extensor digitorum 
communis and extensor indicis, but no more. Among the 
Grallse : in Otis in the flexor digitorum profundus (Schopss), 
but in Grus in all the musculi carpi et digitorum (extensores 
and flexores) on the cubitus, except in the extensor indicis 
(the extensor carpi radialis longus is bifid, with one soft and one 
bony sinew). Of the Accipitres, Strix liturata has bony sinews 
