444 C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 
cubitus. The pronator superior is distinctly separated and 
somewhat longer; the supinator also rather beyond 1. 
h. The bellies of the muscles are less convex and rather 
longer than in the Oscines, in consequence of which the pits 
on the forearm are shorter. To this it is due that the flexor 
carpi radialis commences far down, at J-. 
c. The curvature of the ulna is somewhat longer (to |) at 
the upper extremity, inconsiderable at the anterior extremity; 
whence follows a position of the posterior flexors which begins 
to differ somewhat from that in the Song-birds. 
d. The fascia ulnaris is filiform, although a distinct streak. 
The flexor digitorum subli?nis 7 which is attached to it, is like 
that of the Song-birds in Picus major; but in P. martius it 
has a much more elongated belly; it goes to § of the cubitus 
and commences a little way from the humerus. 
e. The deltoideus is much smaller than in the Oscines, only 
to J of the humerus. 
Jynx torquilla resembles Picus : but both pronatores are 
inserted on the radius, the superior at §, the inferior at 
They are much stronger than in the Oscines and more dis¬ 
tinctly separated. The flexor digitorum sublimis is much 
thicker than in the Song-birds, fleshy for j of its length, and 
placed beside the flexor carpi ulnaris. The extensor carpi 
radialis brevis as in the Song-birds. 
Columba, which has been referred to in the general descrip¬ 
tion, presents nearly equal peculiarities in its broad extensor 
carpi radialis , its enormously large pronatores, &c. It has, 
further, an unusually constructed muscular apparatus within 
the fold of skin in front of the humerus. 
The Ostrich, according to the description given by Schopss, 
has many peculiarities, and therefore the following extract 
may be given :— 
The extensor carpi radialis longus commences high up on 
the humerus, at J. 
The ext. carpi rad. brevis is as in the Grallse &c. 
The ext. digitorum communis has no sinew to the thumb. 
The ext. indicis, from ^ of the radius, has many accessory 
muscles. 
