C. J. Sundevall on the Wings of Birds. 449 
APPENDIX I. 
Systematic Arrangement *. 
In order to avoid too many degrees of division we shall 
only remark here that the so-called Song-birds alone 
are included in the undermentioned Legio prima; and that 
all the others, which constitute Legiones secunda, tertia, and 
quarta, have not five pairs of muscles to the lower larynx. 
The differences in structure of these two chief divisions have 
been copiously referred to in what precedes, as also in the 
often cited <( Ornithologiska System” in Yet.-Acad. Handl. 
for 1835. 
If, with the view of obtaining greater symmetry in the 
arrangement, it be desired to retain the binary division in 
accordance with the nature of the hinder toe and the young, 
adopted in the place just cited and by many authors, we get 
the first two “ Legiones ” together in one, and the last two 
in the other division; but we are then compelled to remark 
(as I have done, loc. cit. p. 67) that the species belonging to 
the Legio secunda resemble those of Legiones tertia and 
quarta in the principal parts of their structure, but not those 
of the Legio prima with which they are arranged. It must 
also be remarked that the hinder toe in a Raptorial bird, a 
Cuckoo, or even a Picas is never so large or formed in the 
same way as in a Song-bird; it is always narrower at the 
base, a little raised, &c., and approaches the form of that in 
the Gallinse, Waders, and Water-birds; and, further, that 
many genera with long supporting hinder toes occur in both 
the great divisions, which usually have it small and uplifted, 
namely, Penelope , the whole cohort of the Herodii (Ardea), 
and the whole Order Totipalmes. 
Legio prima (“ Volucres,” Yet.-Acad. Handl. 1835). 
Constitutes only the Ordo prima +. 
* [It will be of course recollected by our readers that this arrangement 
was in considerable degree modified by the author in his 1 Tentamen ’ 
(187—P).—Ed.] 
t The divisions which are here cited immediately under the Orders 
correspond exactly to those which are called u Zunft ” by Oken, which 
