Mr. It. Ridgway on the Genus Empidonax. 4 
g 2 . Tail slightly but decidedly emarginate; 
wing averaging less than 2'60. 
Hardlydistinguishable in colour from E. 
pusillus and E. traillii, but wing- 
bands usually whiter. Male : Wing 
2*30-2-60 (2'49) inches, tail 2T0- 
2-40 (2*30), culmen 0-53-0-59 (0-56), 
width of bill at base 0-23-0-27 (0-25), 
tarsus 3-59-0-68 (0-65). Female : 
Wing 2-20-2-40 (2-33), tail 2-10- 
2*25 (2’18).— Hob. Eastern North 
America, west to Rocky Mountains, 
breeding from northern United 
States northward, south, in winter, 
through Middle America to Panama E. minimus. 
/ 2 . First quill usually equal to, or longer than, 
fifth; colour above uniform olive-green 
or greenish grey. 
Wing-bands (all stages) buff or buffy 
whitish; lower parts white, more or 
less tinged with sulphur-yellow pos¬ 
teriorly, and (usually very faintly) 
shaded across breast with olive or 
greyish. Nestling with feathers of 
upper parts narrowly tipped with 
paler, producing a slightly mottled 
appearance. Male : Wing 2-75-3-10 
(2-83) inches, tail 2-30-2*70 (2-49), 
culmen 0-62-0-69 (0-66), width of bill 
at base 0-28-0-30 (0-30), tarsus 0-59- 
0-67 (0-62). Female : Wing 2-55-2-70 
(2-65), tail 2-25-2-35 (2-32 ).—Hah. 
Eastern U.S., south, in winter, through 
Western Cuba, Eastern Mexico, and 
Central America to Ecuador. E. acadicus. 
Lower parts distinctly yellowish. 
f 1 . Under wing-coverts pale buff, deepening 
into dull ochraceous on edge of wing. 
Above dull greyish olive (more brownish 
in winter), the wing-bands dull light 
buffy greyish (more buffy in winter) ; 
lower parts dull pale yellowish, in¬ 
clining to pale sulphur-yellow on belly 
and lower tail-coverts, and shaded 
with dull greyish brown across breast. 
