08 
D. M. FERRY & CO’S 
The Russ : White Oats arc prolific without parallel, 
and with o .inary cultivation will yield ioo bushels per 
acre. T* .y are extremely hardy, enduring the coldest 
climat'* .1 our country without injury, and are absolutely 
rust * oof. Each kernel planted will produce twen¬ 
ty- t /c to forty heads fr m sixteen to twenty-two 
inches in length. The straw is large and strong enough 
to support the enormous heads of this variety. The 
grain is heavy and the chaff light, so that a measured 
bushel weighs considerably more than a bushel of ordi¬ 
nary oats. All things considered, this is the most valu¬ 
able variety of oats now grown, and is destined, when 
known more widely, to become the standard sort 
Bohemian Hulless Oats. \ comparatively new 
variety, lately introduced into this country. Will yield 
from fifty to sixty-five bushels per acre. Do not shell 
out while ripening, or while being harvested. The 
berry comes from the head clean, and without chaff 
adhering, and is larger and fuller than ordinary oats. 
Certainly a great acquisition to the farmer. 
Rye.—The time for sowing is from the middle of 
August to last of September. One plowing is given, and 
the seed sown broadcast, at the rate of one and a half 
bushels per acre, and dragged in. Harrowing and roll¬ 
ing in the spring are recommended If cut before fully 
ripe, the grain makes better flour, and more in quantity. 
If intended for seed, it should be fully ripe. Some sow 
rye among standing corn, hoeing it in, leaving the ground 
level as possible, and after the corn is removed, rolling 
the ground. It succeeds best on sandy soils. It is fre¬ 
quently sown in the spring, but the fall seems to be 
preferable. 
Buckwheat, Common. — Buckwheat should be sown 
about the 20th of June, broadcast, at the rate of about 
three-quarters of a bushel per acre. The average yield 
is from twenty-five to thirty bushels per acre. It should 
be threshed as soon as dry, on the ground or barn floor. 
If allowed to stand in mass, it quickly gathers moistur:. 
Buckwheat, Silver Hull.— This improved variety 
is said to be much better than the '■'Id sort. It is in 
bloom longer, matures sooner, and yields double tie 
quantity per acre. The husk is thinner, the corners less 
prominent, and the grain of a beautiful light grey color. 
The flour is said to be better and more nutritious. 
Field Peas — Pisunt sativum .—The varieties of field 
peas have never been very numerous, nor arc they much 
increasing. The kinds mostly used are the Golden 
Vine, Crown, Blue Prussian, Common White, Common 
Blue, and Creeper. Field peas, in general, may be sown 
broadcast or in drills, after the manner of field beans, 
about three bushels per acre. 
Spring Vetches, or Tares — Vtcia sativa .—A spe¬ 
cies of the pea, grown extensively in England, and to a 
considerable extent in Canada, for stock, but not much 
used in the States. Culture same as field peas, two 
bushels per acre. 
Flax — Linunt usitatissimum .— Sow late enough in 
the spring to avoid frost, and early enough to secure the 
early rains. A fair average quantity of seed to be sown 
on an acre is one-half bushel, when cultivated for seed; 
if for the fibre, a larger quantity should be sown. Cut 
before quite ripe, and, if the weather be dry, let it lie in 
the swath a few hours, when it shou’d be raked, bound 
and secured from the weather; thresh early in the fall, 
and in dry weather. 
Hemp — Cannabis sativa . — If raised for manufactur¬ 
ing, must be sown broadcast, at the rate of one-half 
bushel to the acre ; if for seed, should be planted in hills 
four feet apart, and the plants thinned out to three or 
four most vigorous stems in each hill. 
FLOWER SEELS 
BrUEF HINTS ON SOWING AND CULTIVATING FLOWER SEEDS. 
LEPTH OF SOWING.—The general rule for sowing Flower Seeds, as well as any other seeds, is to sow 
them at the proper depth ; and the depth at which they are sown should in every instance be governed by the 
size 0/ the seed itself. As the sprouts of small seeds are naturally small, if sown as deep as large seeds they will be 
either unusually long in starting, or more likely perish in the ground after sprouting, from want of sufficient strength 
in the young sprouts to force a passage through the soil. Very sma. I seeds , such as Portulaca, Campanula, Digi¬ 
talis, &c., should be merely sprinkled on the surface of the ground, 'titer making quite smooth with the back of a 
spade, and barely covered with finely sifted, light, mellow soil, and afterward protected from the scorching sun and 
heavy rains by a cloth, mat or some green branches stuck around i*. 
THE SOIL.— Another great object to be considered is the soil into which flower seeds are to be sown. The 
soil best adapted to flowering plants generally, is a light, friable loam, containing a sufficient amount of sand to 
render it porous. A great many varieties will live in almost any kind of soil, except it be extremely dry, calcare¬ 
ous, or of a stiff, heavy character; still, to give them a fair chance for development, some little pains should be 
taken in adding to the soil, as much as possible, what may be wanting in it. Deep digging, and enriching with 
thoroughly decayed manure, is the least that should be done. If the weather, after sowing, should be dry, it will 
be necessary to water the places where the seeds are sown, with a fine rose watering pot, regularly, but slightly, 
every evening, as it is essential that the seeds, during their process of germination, should be kept constantly moist. 
From a neglect or oversight of this arise most of the failures. As the process of germination is shorter or longer in 
the different kinds of seeds, the patience of the cultivator is often sorely tried with seeds of a slowly germinating 
character. The patience of a devoted florist, however, is never exhausted in these manipulations, and the certainty of 
his final success repays him fully for the trouble. 
All flowers raised from seed are usually known as Annuals, Biennials, or Perennials. 
Annuals are those plants which flower or ripen their seeds or fruits the season they are sown, and then perish. 
This class of plants is again divided by the cultivator into two classes—the hardy, and half-hardy or tender kinds. 
HARDY ANNUALS are those which require no artificial heat at any period of their growth, every stage of 
their development, from germination to ripening of the seed, being passed in the open ground. 
They are the most easily cultivated of all plants ; the number of their varieties is large, and their flowers, when 
properly grown, are frequently of most attractive beauty and elegance. It is only to be regretted that they are not 
generally cultivated to that extent to which their merit justly entitles them. The seed may be sown from the first 
