Chap. XI. 
DUEING THE GLACIAL PEEIOD. 
375 
intervening hot countries. So on the Silla of Caraccas 
the illustrious Humboldt long ago found species belong¬ 
ing to genera characteristic of the Cordillera. On the 
mountains of Abyssinia, several European forms and 
some few representatives of the peculiar flora of the 
Cape of Good Hope occur. At the Cape of Good Hope 
a very few European species, believed not to have been 
introduced by man, and on the mountains, some few 
representative European forms are found, which have 
not been discovered in the intertropical parts of Africa. 
On the Himalaya, and on the isolated mountain-ranges 
of the peninsula of India, on the heights of Ceylon, and 
on the volcanic cones of Java, many plants occur, either 
identically the same or representing each other, and at 
the same time representing plants of Europe, not found 
in the intervening hot lowlands. A list of the genera 
collected on the loftier peaks of Java raises a picture 
of a collection made on a hill in Europe ! Still more 
striking is the fact that southern Australian forms are 
clearly represented by plants growing on the summits 
of the mountains of Borneo. Some of these Australian 
forms, as I hear from Dr. Hooker, extend along the 
heights of the peninsula of Malacca, and are thinly 
scattered, on the one hand over India and on the other 
as far north as Japan. 
On the southern mountains of Australia, Dr. F. 
Muller has discovered several European species; other 
species, not introduced by man, occur on the lowlands; 
and a long list can be given, as I am informed by Dr. 
Hooker, of European genera, found in Australia, but 
not in the intermediate torrid regions. In the admir¬ 
able ^Introduction to the Flora of New Zealand,' by 
Dr. Hooker, analogous and striking facts are given in 
regard to the plants of that large island. Hence we see 
that throughout the world, the plants growing on the 
