THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTBY GENTLEMAN, November 27, 1860. 
123 
well with a putty knife while it is wet, and rounded off outside, 
or over and above the straight edge of the socket. No spun 
yarn is to be used in these joints. To be concluded in my next. 
—G. Diamont, The Lodge , Flixton , near Manchester. 
valuable substances, or, as enemies and depredators destroying, 
in the shape of blight, during the caterpillar state, the produce 
of the garden and farm to an irremediable extent. There was a 
goodly array of ladies present, and the soiree was a success in 
every point of view .—(.Manchester Examiner.) 
HEATING A GREENHOUSE FROM KITCHEN 
FIRE. 
“ In the multitude of counsellors there is safetybut, some¬ 
times, indecision. B. Fish will be also much obliged to Mr. Allen 
for his plan alluded to at page 87. Though if he has his boiler, &c., 
in the kitchen, probably, it will not be a favourite with the kitchen 
people, nor a pleasant thing at all times, if a shoemaker comes 
poking in to look after it. In all such circumstances there must- 
be a little smoothing and oiling of difficulties. r Ihe plan proposed 
for such an amount of heating as a large greenhouse and work¬ 
shop he feels pretty sure will answer. Except in severe nights, 
there -will hardly be any extra attention required at the kitchen 
fire. The heat conveyed can either be neutralised by air or be 
prevented coming by emptying the flow-pipe in the greenhouse, 
or shutting off the circulation by a stop-cock, which had better 
be in the lead pipe after it enters the greenhouse. If the flow- 
pipe there is empty, which it may be all the summer, the boiler 
will always be full so long as there is water in the return-pipe; 
but with water merely in that pipe there will be no trouble with 
all the heat that will come to the story above. There is one 
thing, however, which B-. F. meant to have stated in page 21, 
and which he had omitted, and which would make the whole 
more perfect. Supposing the flow-pipe to enter the greenhouse 
at the west end, a common cock like that for a beer-barrel could 
be fixed there, so that the flow could be shut off at once when 
heat was not wanted; but what he failed to say was, that behind 
this cock, a foot or more nearer the boiler, a small quarter-inch 
■gas pipe should be inserted, and the open end two teet higher 
than the supply-cistern, be turned either into the chimney or 
outside the wall. The end of this pipe should also be turned 
down to prevent dust getting in. It would be best outside the 
wall, or even elevated four feet or so against the end wall of the 
greenhouse. The vapour escaping will be trifling. This will 
make all quite safe and enable heat or no heat to be had just 
as required. However, if our correspondent has not commenced, 
he had better wait for Mr. Allen’s plan and adopt it if he thinks 
it best. If his pipes can be placed on a level in the greenhouse, 
&.J., the hard-burned earthenware pipes spoken of by Mr. 
Diamont will do as well as any. The first hot water in a hot¬ 
house seen by B. F. was done w-ith common earthenware. Wait 
and hear what he says too. We are always glad of such kindness. 
MANCHESTER FIELD NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY. 
The third of the winter series of soirees in connection with 
this Society took place on the 15th in the Library Hall of the 
Atlieneeum. The company numbered about 270 ladies and 
gentlemen, and included most of the leading naturalists of the 
city and neighbourhood. The hall was supplied w ith large tables, 
upon which were displayed numerous glass cases of the most 
beautiful and interesting insects known to entomologists, both 
British and foreign, the whole contributed by members of the 
Society. Nothing could exceed the richness and variety of the 
exhibition. There were butterflies of the most gorgeous and 
dazzling colours ; beetles of more than metallic lustre ; and there 
was a large case of those exquisitely delicate little creatures 
denominated Tineidse, kindly lent by Mr. Eddleston. There 
were numerous specimens of the workmanship and products of 
insects, as well as illustrations of their architectural and con¬ 
structive ingenuity. There were also exhibited ants’ nests con¬ 
structed of clay, many kinds of galls, a splendid series of specimens 
of silk, from the egg* of the worm up to the perfect material of 
the manufacturer, cochineal, and various other valuable substances 
which we owe to the instincts of the beings that make up the 
vast realm which natural history calls the world of insects. 
Upon the walls there were numerous drawings illustrative of 
entomology, and several devices wrought in insects, principally 
butterflies. The chair was taken by Mr. John Watson. Mr. 
Joseph Sidebottom read an excellent essay upon the objects, 
rewards, and pleasures of entomological studies, showing how 
forms deemed insignificant and worthless were of consummate 
interest and importance to man, whether as providing him 
GAZANIAS. 
Three years ago I was visiting a friend at Leamington, in the 
month of October, and I saw in the garden a most brilliant bed 
of Gazania in full flower. I was so charmed with this golden- 
looking bed, that I ordered immediately some plants of it, first 
from one nursery garden in Edinburgh, and then from another, 
and to my utter disappointment neither can be the same a3 those 
I saw at Leamington. The plants are strong and healthy, but 
not a flower on either, which completely destroyed the beauty and 
uniformity of my flower garden. I enclose you leaves of each of 
the plants I got.’ Will you have the kindness to give the names, 
and also the name of the right bedding sort in your next 
number? Seeing the one at Leamington so hardy and in such 
beauty, I thought the Gazania would be an acquisition to our 
northern flower garden ; but thus are we constantly subject to 
disappointment from the nurserymen, both in flowers and fruit, 
which, to say the least, is a great pity. The time lost is more 
than the money.—A Constant Reader. 
[No one in particular is chargeable in this matter. Every 
change of fashion, in every degree on the social scale, brings 
about similar results, and none can help or prevent them. We 
too had seen an October bed of such Gazanias, and much about 
the same time. Seeds of rigens were soon obtained from the 
most celebrated firm in London. The Waltonian Case soon put 
us in possession of Gazanias enough for a similar bed, but not 
a single seedling of rigens was among them, the whole packet 
being of the same kind as that from which one of your leaves 
was plucked—the one with the leaflets coming out of both sides 
of the main leaf, which is Gazania pavonia. Your long entire 
leaf may be from Gazania uniflora, or from Gazania splendens, 
both have most of their leaves in that style. If the flowers of 
that plant are plain yellow it is uniflora. If they have the purple 
rings set with brilliants it is a Gazania splendens, and that is 
the real kind for beds. It blooms from May to October, just as 
you had seen the bed at Leamington; but it was very much 
better in the very dry and hot summer of 1859 than in the cold 
wet of this season.] 
Pl'RETHRUMS AS LATE AUTUMN FLOWERS. 
The enclosed bloom (Pyrethrum multiflorum), is one of 
Messrs. E. G. Hendersons’ imported varieties from Germany. 
I enclose it, as I believe that it is not generally known that there 
is a class of flowers so valuable at this time of year, or which 
keeps in bloom so long. The accompanying blossom has been 
on the plant in its present state for more than six weeks. You 
will perceive it is still fresh, and looking likely to last for some 
time had I left it on the plant. I fully coincide with the views 
of Messrs. E. G. Henderson, when they say Pyretlrrums are 
valuable additions to the flower garden .—Pilsly Nursery. 
[We “fully coincide” with you and with all who admire the 
new Pyretlrrums. We believe Mr. Beaton has some notes on 
them from Mr. Salter’s nursery ; and we refer you again to the 
“ Illustrated Bouquet ” for the double Pyrethrums.] 
GISHURST COMPOUND FOR ORCHARD- 
HOUSE TREES. 
Your correspondent “T. S. P.’s” experience of the action 
,f Gishurst Compound on fruit trees at rest differs so much 
v 0 m mine, that I beg the favour of leave to ask him the strength 
le applied it, and whether it was before the great frost oi 22nd 
Jctober last year. „ . , . 
My orchard-house trees of all descriptions of fruit were last 
rear most liberally anointed with a solution of eight ounces to 
he gallon of water, and in case of Pears infested with the hard- 
o-kill mussel scale, the Gishurst was applied m the strongest 
possible form— that in which I have found it act best against 
imerican blight on Apple trees—viz., by means of a wetted 
mush rubbed on the Gishurst cake till a stifl lather was formed, 
