179 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, December 25, 1860. 
Heating a Small Greenhouse (Orerdcssel). —We fear you will not 
heat your greenhouse satisfactorily by any of the modes you propose, and 
all from the simple fact that your hearth—by which we presume the bars 
of the grating of your fireplace—is only six 'inches below the level of the 
pathway in your house. Now any boiler you could fix, even a small retort 
of Thompson’s, to act well would be at least a foot above your pathway ; 
and so near home the heat would not descend well to pass underneath the 
pathway 7 , because the whole of the boiler would be much above the level of 
the pipes as they passed underneath that pathway. With air-pipes at the 
depressions rising higher than the boiler, and at a considerable waste of 
labour and fuel, circulation might be made possible; but such attempts are 
very' unadvisable. The great rule to be attended to is, never to have a 
pipe anywhere lower than the boiler. There are only two way's by' which 
you can neutralise this evil—either manage to sink your grating or hearth 
from twelve to eighteen inches, or raise your path as much higher as will 
enable the pipes or flue to pass under the pathway without sinking, and 
then raise them as high afterwards as you think proper. Without any of 
that trouble you might have your heating material, either pipes or flue, on 
the border between the back wall and the pathway, and need no crossing 
ot path whatever, and yet have enough rise from your present furnace; 
but, as explained the other week, the heat that reached the front of the 
house would be by radiation and not by conduction, and therefore the 
lront would always be the coldest. There is just one mode by which you 
can do it without interfering with furnace or pathway. You seem 
only to have one doorway and one pathway, a dead wall bounding the 
other end of the house. Though it will require more pipes, it will answer 
your purpose better. Bring in your flow-pipe from the furnace as proposed ; 
only it will be better if that pipe is fifteen inches above your path, and the 
return-pipe little lower than the top of the boiler. Take these pipes two 
or three inches along to the narrow end round hy the wall there along 
the front, and when you come to the wide part increase the size of the 
pipes if you like, though three inches would do. Pass along that front and 
round the end to the doorway, and there have a small cistern for feeding 
and allowing expansion, and have your return-pipe all the way back again. 
You will need as much piping as that to keep up your house to 50° in 
severe weather in winter. Somewhere about eighty feet of piping will be 
wanted to effect this. Even then we would sink a foot at the furnace if 
we could. The pipes may be on a level if you like : that will not inter¬ 
fere with the circulation, provided the flow comes from the top and the 
return enters at the bottom of the boiler. If you have a cistern for supply 
near the boiler, a bend at the farther end will be all that is sufficient, but 
there should be an open air-pipe placed in it. 
Tritoma uvaria for Centre of a Bed [Kentish Town). —Half a dozen 
good plants of Tritoma uvaria would make a good centre to a flower-bed 
not less than eight feet across, also among Rhododendrons in a bed, and 
best of all in the very centre of a large collection of best Gladioluses. 
Calystegia pubescens simplex was too cheap to be of much use in trade ; it 
was sent into the world by the Messrs. Henderson, of the Wellington Road 
Nursery, about five or six years back. In the hot summer of 1859 we have 
seen it in the shrubbery of the Wanstead Infant Orphan Asylum covering 
large plants of Aucuba and in bloom, much in the way we see plants 
flowered for a show. We had not seen anything in that way so gay and at 
the same time so simple and natural. 
Right of Landlord and Tenant as to Greenhouses [Another Sub¬ 
scriber and JR. S. J.).— The decisions upon this point will be found in 
Penton v. Robart, 2 East. 90, and Buckland v. Butterfield, 2 Brod. & Bing. 
54. In the case of clergymen, see Martin v. Roe, “ Law Times,” 28. p. 283. 
Various other authorities are quoted in all those cases. 
Cyanophyllum magnificum (F. Whitfield ).— It is a melastomaceous 
plant, of the tribe Miconieie. The genus was established by Naudin. The 
leaves of this species are a foot long, about six inches wide, and beautifully 
stained with purple on the under surface. It is a native of New Grenada. 
Cyclamens as Edgings (-).—Cyclamens are not at all fit to put as 
edgings round Khododendron-beds in the west of Scotland. 
Azalea amcena (-It is a low thickset bush, perhaps a little 
stronger than Rhododendron hirsutum. It is perfectly hardy on Bagshot 
Heath, and we believe also on Culloden Moor, but we have no experience of 
it ourselves north of London. 
Cutting Dow'n Thorn-iiedges (——■).—The end of September is the 
best time in the year to cut down old or young Thorn-hedges; hut there is 
little hurt if they are not cut to the end of February, and no danger what¬ 
ever if one were obliged to cut one down after it was in full leaf at the 
middle of May. We have cut in Thorns every month in the year, and 
almost every season, during forty years. 
Thrips, Scale, and Mealy Bug (A Lady Gardener).— If you are 
obliged, as you say, to be “ always with brush or sponge in hand ” warring 
against these vermin, we are very sorry to have to reply that such necessity 
is evidence of very defective gardening. No application of Gishurst or any 
other compound “at any particular season” will protect your plants from 
those insects during the rest of the year. We advise you to give your 
greenhouse a thorough cleaning, and limewashing with flowers of sulphur 
in the wash ; to thoroughly dress all your plants with Gishurst Compound; 
and then to keep away the vermin by a better attention to ventilation, 
keeping the air of the house constantly moist, attentive watering, and. 
frequent syringing. 
Names of Fruit [JR. S. J.).— The Bull’s Golden Reinette is quite true, 
and is an excellent Apple. It is quite different from Blenheim. No. 2 is 
not Blenheim Pippin, and appears very like Flower of Kent, which in all 
probability it is. (JR. Sells).— We cannot make out what your Apple is. 
Names of Ferns [IT - g ).— l.Aspleniumflabellifolium; 2,Woodwardia 
radicans ; 3, Woodwardia (Doodia) media; 4, Asplenium bulbiferum; 
5, Cyrtomium falcatum; 6, Platyloma rotundifolia; 7, 10, Nephrodium 
molle ; 8, Adiantum pubescens ; 9, Pteris hastata var. macrophylla. 
Names of Plants [A Young Gardener ).—Nos. 1 and 2 are forms of 
Selaginella Martensii, the former being that sometimes called Hugelii and 
Danielsium. No. 3. Selaginella denticulata. The spotted leaf is the Far- 
fugium'grande. (A Subscriber, Brasied). —The sprig may belong to some 
Lonicera, but we cannot tell which without flowers. The leaf is probably 
that of some Spiraja, and is not unlike that of S. Nobleaua. 
POULTRY AND BEE-KEEPER’S CHRONICLE. 
POULTRY SHOWS. 
December 27 th, 28 th and 29th. Kendal. Hon. Secs., G. C. Whit well 
and T. Wilson. Entries close December 12th, 
January 2nd and 3rd. Cork. Sec., J. Dowling, Janeville, Sunday’s 
Well. Entries close December 15th. 
January lfith and 17th. Poulton-le-Fylde. Hon. Sec., Mr. J. S. Butler. 
Entries close January 1st. 
January 25th and 26th. Cumberland and Westmorland. Secs., Mr. 
M. W. Hastwell and Mr. W. T. Armstrong. Entries close January 12. 
January 30th and 31st. Ulverston. Secs., Mr. T. Robinson and Mr. J. 
Kitchen. Entries close January 10th. 
February 6 th and 7th. Liverpool. (Poultry and Pigeons). Sec., Mr. 
A. Edmondson, 4, Dale Street. Entries close January 19. 
June 4th, 5tli, 6th, and 7th. Bath and West of England. 
N. B.— Secretaries will oblige us by sending'jearly copies of their lists. 
BIRMINGHAM POULTRY EXHIBITION. 
It is universally admitted that Birmingham stands far a-head 
in all that pertains to Poultry Exhibitions—that the number of 
visitors attending it quite outstrips all meetings of like character— 
and though last, by no means the least important item connected 
with it, is the amount of sales effected during its continuance of 
poultry thus exhibited, and which is, most probably, quite equal 
to the total of every other Poultry Show in the kingdom put 
together. With features so important and distinguishing, it is 
hardly to be wondered at that amateurs and breeders look with 
the greatest interest and anxiety to every succeeding meeting of 
this Society, the rules of which, compiled with the most re¬ 
flective care—by parties, too, who for many years have made the 
management a continual study—form as it were a complete guide 
to Committees elsewhere in the management of local Exhibitions. 
ISo doubt can exist, that in thus becoming copyists Committees 
exercise a far more prudent course, so far as relates to their own 
success, than by adopting the crude suggestions of those who 
being suddenly formed into a Committee but too frequently are 
in the sequel themselves convinced that the well-tried road is 
the successful one, and that enthusiasm alone is comparatively 
valueless if not tempered with discretion, most particularly in 
the carrying out the necessary provisions of such meetings. 
Memory suggests how readily a very considerable number of 
societies have been completely upset by endeavouring to enforce 
novel rules and regulations, which the projectors vainly hoped 
would prove altogether satisfactory, but which when practically 
tested caused a second, and in some instances even a first 
attempt, to be a final one. The errors thus committed were 
discredited until the time was unfortunately passed to prevent 
the destructive consequences that ensued. This, then, leads us to 
recommend young societies to be especially careful how they 
commence their first Shows, as a mistake at the onset is rarely 
amended so as to be absolutely obliterated from the minds of 
either competitors or visitors. 
Let us see what the Birmingham Council have effected, 
for this undertaking originally was most truly a gigantic one, 
the difficulties to be surmounted of no ordinary character, 
and none at that time could, from experience, dictate a single 
suggestion that would be assuredly faultless and effective. 
With fixed determination to enforce the printed regulations 
of their Society, which were available to all comers, in every 
instance these gentlemen have staunchly abided by the strict 
letter of them; and, although in past years (as occasionally 
now), suggestions have been thrown out by those who had not 
the opportunity of estimating all the bearings such ch anges 
would entail, the Birmingham Council have stood truly to their 
position, and the congratulations of every well-wisher must be 
now evoked to find the Society relieved of the heavy debt that 
curtailed its usefulness in past years, and that, this pressure 
being removed, increased efforts will not be wanting to add still 
greater claims to universal popularity for the future. The Show 
just closed was held, as is well-known, under circumstances, so 
far as weather applied, the most unfavourable, being one con¬ 
tinuous rain from the commencement to the close. This, no 
doubt, exercised a very injurious influence on the receipts 
(most probably, to the extent of some hundreds of pounds), 
yet the statistics will prove that, in spite of every drawback, 
with increased growth the Birmingham Exhibition yearly be¬ 
comes a more general favourite, and tends more and moro to 
